tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49679922051448082982024-03-12T22:19:04.383-04:00Climbing My Family TreeIn Climbing My Family Tree I share stories of my ancestors as I discover them, so the posts are sporadic. My family history is a work in progress, and I might have to backtrack occasionally if (when) I make mistakes, so if we share a branch or two I encourage you to double check the research sources rather than accepting mine wholesale. I hope you enjoy reading my posts and will visit often to find new posts. I enjoy sharing them with you!Jo Hennhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17566276500934815959noreply@blogger.comBlogger204125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4967992205144808298.post-5870659660629698822022-01-02T20:57:00.001-05:002022-01-03T14:57:10.638-05:00Eleazar Kersey (1762-1816) and Elizabeth Harlan Kersey (1762-1845), Quakers, my 5th great grandparents<p> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgdF8f0TOg8Fxqrl8vc4p4vMDviA21IBH8qZKffBnly5YkNJb4V5N897tL3SJh3YHaMABRCrz6XlijedFu3sWdK8Wy9oWGLlkD28ppJX9B1U5T1bCS9wwgEqcZmlOWiAzVpOHn6x5TAKb051Dp96jX84KRPix-HTIfocYlwwhDuT0Odlc2VcvOzCkV7=s2048" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="776" data-original-width="2048" height="151" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgdF8f0TOg8Fxqrl8vc4p4vMDviA21IBH8qZKffBnly5YkNJb4V5N897tL3SJh3YHaMABRCrz6XlijedFu3sWdK8Wy9oWGLlkD28ppJX9B1U5T1bCS9wwgEqcZmlOWiAzVpOHn6x5TAKb051Dp96jX84KRPix-HTIfocYlwwhDuT0Odlc2VcvOzCkV7=w400-h151" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Guilford County North Carolina<br />Image by David Benbennick, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. <br />(Click to make bigger.)</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /></p><p><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">In my last post, I wrote about Elizabeth
Harlan’s father, Stephen Harlan (1740-1830), and the family trek from Chester
County Pennsylvania to the frontier regions of North Carolina, that story can
be found <a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2021/03/stephen-harlan-1740-1830-farmer.html" target="_blank">HERE</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">Elizabeth Harlan, the oldest daughter of
Stephen Harlan and Mary Carter (1740-1824) was born in Chester County
Pennsylvania in 1762. She was the oldest of at least nine children: <span style="color: #111111;">Elizabeth<span style="background: white;"> </span>(bn.
1762, dd. 27 Feb 1845, m. Eleazar Kersey 1784)<span style="background: white;">,
Alice Ellen (bn 22 July 1764, dd 17 June 1835, m. Moses Robbins 1786), Margaret
(7 Dec 1766, dd 30 Nov 1825, m Obed Barnard 1810), Stephen (bn. 25 Jan 1773, dd.
6 July 1859, m. Alice Smith 1795), Edith (bn. 6 Sept, dd. 27 March 1847, m.
William Hill), Enoch (bn. 17 March 1776, dd. 9 June 1863, m. Abigail Jones
1805), Mary (bn. 12 Sept 1779, dd. 22 May 1841, m. William Morrison 1802), and
Ruth (bn. ?, dd. ?, m. George Criscow 1814), Ann (bn. ?, dd. 1866).<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">Elizabeth would
have been approximately three years old when her family migrated from the
Pennsylvania colony to North Carolina. They initially moved to Cumberland
County, NC and by 1769, when she was seven, had moved to a more frontier area
of North Carolina in Guilford County that later was sectioned off to become
part of Randolph County. Her father was
a farmer, millwright, and wagon maker. The post about her father is <a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2021/03/stephen-harlan-1740-1830-farmer.html" target="_blank">HERE</a></span><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhWuaHSdP-PFA_gNLFK4ilBWBU7UCux2ncYf8ama7dL0h6CRszyZjwqX0D9TsmDYiZ1wx-RfRD_LYfFyQMTcxqdojeyjvehAoQkRbroVKfDJ7QyClg869bkVaZchbd7aahtBjYOTQc4Zoav3w2YcXRg2iLfoQj5Q-aZF4rdgEV7P1v3fdfhZa_pC0_L=s603" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="249" data-original-width="603" height="165" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhWuaHSdP-PFA_gNLFK4ilBWBU7UCux2ncYf8ama7dL0h6CRszyZjwqX0D9TsmDYiZ1wx-RfRD_LYfFyQMTcxqdojeyjvehAoQkRbroVKfDJ7QyClg869bkVaZchbd7aahtBjYOTQc4Zoav3w2YcXRg2iLfoQj5Q-aZF4rdgEV7P1v3fdfhZa_pC0_L=w400-h165" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">(Click to make bigger.)</span></td></tr></tbody></table><o:p><br /></o:p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">In the years
just prior to the American Revolution Quakerism in North Carolina experienced
its second great wave of migration and growth, and by the 1770’s, the greatest
concentration was in the Piedmont region where the Harlans moved to.
Eventually, there were twenty-three Quaker monthly meetings in North Carolina,
each composed of representatives from several individual meeting houses, who
sent delegations to two Quarterly Meetings in the eastern and western parts of
the colony. A Yearly Meeting of North Carolina Friends (eventually held at the
New Garden Meetinghouse) met and maintained contact with Yearly Meetings in
Philadelphia and London.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">After the Harlan
family moved to Guilford County, Elizabeth met and subsequently married Eleazar
Kersey, whose family had come to North Carolina about 15 years before the
Harlans. Eleazar was born the same year as Elizabeth, on 27 August 1762, in
Springfield, Guilford County, North Carolina. He was the fifth son born to his
parents, William Kersey (1722-1764) and Hannah Hunt (1730-?), and his father’s
sixth son. Eleazar’s father, William, had first married a woman named Elizabeth
(?-1749) and had one child, also named William Kersey (bn. 15 Nov 1745 -?),
likely in PA or VA, and subsequently married Eleazar’s mother, Hannah Hunt in Loudoun
VA, outside of Meeting. William and Hannah’s children, all born in Guilford
County, NC, were: Amos Kersey (bn. 15 Feb 1751, dd. 7 July 1831, m. Dinah
Beeson 29 Mar 1786, & m. Elizabeth Willson 17 April 1794), Jesse Kersey (bn.
1 Dec 1753 dd. 7 Nov 1822, m. Rachael Haworth 1805), Daniel Kersey (6 Nov 1757,
dd. ?, m. Mary Carter 25 Novr 1778, m. Ann Irwin 16 Oct 1800), Thomas Kersey (bn.
15 Sept 1759, dd.10 Aug 1835, m. Rebecca Carter 1782) and Eleazar Kersey (bn.15
Aug 1762, dd. 1 June 1816), my fifth great grandfather. Tragically, Eleazar’s
father died two years after Eleazar was born.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjTbO1qHgqZo7EECJb-cHOvL6LUWgOftPoMc20y9Vu4Q00MJt_Eya1f65xP0oQami-YQNSO_dHGG4oUXZGV87Qka80WK1137dGKFLhcfCc4JxLHNC5v2kWNCj1PcGBC-jsCgvn_aHNK4qC_lyFLPM6_CBG6MSZpy5Et5sd8NO05JUbdqhCDExhjvY3E=s603" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="249" data-original-width="603" height="165" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjTbO1qHgqZo7EECJb-cHOvL6LUWgOftPoMc20y9Vu4Q00MJt_Eya1f65xP0oQami-YQNSO_dHGG4oUXZGV87Qka80WK1137dGKFLhcfCc4JxLHNC5v2kWNCj1PcGBC-jsCgvn_aHNK4qC_lyFLPM6_CBG6MSZpy5Et5sd8NO05JUbdqhCDExhjvY3E=w400-h165" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">(Click to make bigger.)</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><o:p></o:p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">When Eleazar and
Elizabeth were fourteen, the American Revolution began. Many Americans today
don’t realize that the revolution took place over five years, 1776-1781.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">After the
Regulator's War (See entry on Elizabeth’s father, <a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2021/03/stephen-harlan-1740-1830-farmer.html " target="_blank">Stephen Harlan</a>, for an
explanation of the Regulators War,</span><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">) when it became apparent that such conflicts were not over
and would eventually result in greater bloodshed, the North Carolina Yearly
Meeting convened on October 27, 1775, to issue an epistle which set forth the
position of North Carolina Friends with regard to any future political
contests. The epistle defined the principles which governed North Carolina
Quakers throughout the revolutionary years. Reiterating their opposition to war
yet avowing their allegiance to the Crown and insisting that many engaged in
the dispute with England were “Honest and Upright”. It also spoke of all
"Plottings, Conspiracies, and Insurrections” as works of Darkness"
and reminded Friends of advice from the London and Philadelphia Yearly Meetings
"not to interfere, meddle or concern in these party affairs".<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">Quaker religious
principles forbade them from condoning the overthrow of any established
government; and required obedience to the existing government, when such
obedience did not run counter to conscience was a fundamental duty. To the
revolutionary forces this seemed to place the Quakers in the Loyalist camp. On
the other hand, since the Friends would not directly help the Crown, to the
British authorities, they seemed to be in sympathy with the rebels. The Quakers
themselves wanted to be left out of all of it, to remain peacefully in their
homes and to be neutrals in the conflict they saw coming. North Carolina
Quakers would not bear arms, pay muster or "draughting" (drafting) fees,
or hire substitute soldiers, pay taxes to a government which might support its military
operations, or hold office under it. Friends also declined to vote for delegates
to the state constitutional convention in 1776 and debated over the use of
paper money issued by the revolutionary government, eventually deciding to
leave that to each individual Quaker’s own conscience. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">It was not easy
being neutral. T</span><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">he
Friends could not resist confiscations of their property for nonpayment of
taxes and fines by either the Crown or the revolutionary government. Friends also
had their lives threatened and/or were beaten by both sides for refusing to
join the local Crown or Patriot militias. Additionally, their lands were often plundered
by military forces on both sides of the conflict. Quaker homes, barns, and
pastures were repeatedly destroyed as armies moved through the lands; their horses
were taken for army mounts and their cattle and sheep for food for the armies
and fences were dismantled to be used as firewood.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgVNVy7HlZLO6PeOBU6fDA5vNyoIv6jy5--oqMBqV8x8LlKxiIT4ie5EywqSbGpJ5vwPWsIYF8YM751DuNoP8X0p-cu47RSVcTPaluto39P2qMmiQHqq_Jbxh6_kFtDKe6g6ASlAZ8mTnNYzgvGNEg67f5XcRn_ouRZVvaRwmrfmopIbSS4iqB2VCKQ=s500" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="430" data-original-width="500" height="344" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgVNVy7HlZLO6PeOBU6fDA5vNyoIv6jy5--oqMBqV8x8LlKxiIT4ie5EywqSbGpJ5vwPWsIYF8YM751DuNoP8X0p-cu47RSVcTPaluto39P2qMmiQHqq_Jbxh6_kFtDKe6g6ASlAZ8mTnNYzgvGNEg67f5XcRn_ouRZVvaRwmrfmopIbSS4iqB2VCKQ=w400-h344" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, Verdana, sans-serif; text-align: start; white-space: pre-wrap;">Copy of sketch of New Garden Quaker community, Guilford Co., North Carolina, time of the Battle of Guilford Court House, March 15, 1781. </span>Originally drawn by Jonathan Jessop, son of Thomas. Jonathan, age 10, 1781 Hand-drawn.; Shows battle sites, buildings, property owners, roads, and natural features. Public Doman.<br /></span>(Click to make bigger.)<span style="font-size: x-small;">.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #545454; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: start; white-space: pre-wrap;">
</span></td></tr></tbody></table></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">As much as they
tried to stay out of the conflict, the war brought the conflict to their door
in 1781, with </span><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">the
battles of New Garden, Guilford Courthouse, and Lindley's Mill. On March 15, in
the early morning hours, Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis sent off his
baggage under the escort of Lieutenant Colonel John Hamilton’s Royal North
Carolina Regiment, 20 dragoons, and Bryan’s North Carolina Volunteers, to
Bell’s Mill and marched with his army to attack Major General Nathanael Greene
at Guilford Court House. Greene had placed troops out in advance positions to
the south and west to give him fair warning of any potential attack.<span style="background: white;"> When the front line of the British army,
led by Lt. Col. Banastre Tarleton, encountered Lt. Col. “Light Horse” Harry
Lee’s troops just north of the New Garden meeting house, British and American
soldiers crashed into each other in the narrow lane. After the initial clash,
the British cavalry were pushed back, across what is now the Guilford College
campus to the New Garden meeting house where they were joined by infantry
units. The two sides exchanged fire twice more before American forces retired
north towards Greene’s army. The entire clash took over three hours and involved
</span>617 Americans and 842 British (including American Tories and Hessians).
About thirty British were killed and more injured.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">Several hours later the same day, British and
American forces met again at the Battle of Guilford Courthouse in the streets
in front of Quaker houses. This battle has been called "the largest and
most hotly contested action" in the American Revolution's southern theater
and involved a 2,100-man British force under the command of Lieutenant General
Charles Cornwallis and 4,500 Americans under Major General Nathanael Greene.
After a brutal battle, Cornwallis defeated the Americans but lost approximately
25% of his forces in the process and was in no position to pursue Greene.
Cornwallis decided to withdraw to his supply base in Virginia to rest and
refit. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">After the Battle of Guilford Courthouse, there were hundreds of wounded
American and British soldiers. Cornwallis left his wounded at the New Garden
community under the care of the Quakers. When General Greene learned of
the Quakers’ generosity, he wrote a letter to the Friends requesting they
provide “relief of the suffering wounded at Guilford Court
House.” The Meeting responded that they would “do all that lies in
[their] power” to assist the wounded, despite the recent theft of resources by
both British and American soldiers. The New Garden Friends cared for 250
wounded British and American soldiers in the Meeting House. </span><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">They were cared for in
an old two-story log house at the corner of New Garden and Ballinger Roads, and
at New Garden Meeting House, <span style="background: white;">and</span> in nearby Quaker homes. <span style="background: white;">Of those who did not survive their
care, </span>British soldiers were buried under an old oak tree in the New
Garden meeting 's graveyard with the bodies of the American dead buried beside
them.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhPbM2xlPMOBIBqfoNszwGfl3H6jTylaTSdxUqsHurU75gSUtl4EvBPm0SOxp-mEGO5ebDnsQUv1RkIrGEl4E5dx3LGm4qOag5aNgWmF_focPDp7oT_ANHGb2M1LFDnFIY1El8StvtOUDKBtssNo73QwUI1l91fQtKRP9d_YuBNqgtg7MWfcK7aa_nN=s470" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="470" data-original-width="350" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhPbM2xlPMOBIBqfoNszwGfl3H6jTylaTSdxUqsHurU75gSUtl4EvBPm0SOxp-mEGO5ebDnsQUv1RkIrGEl4E5dx3LGm4qOag5aNgWmF_focPDp7oT_ANHGb2M1LFDnFIY1El8StvtOUDKBtssNo73QwUI1l91fQtKRP9d_YuBNqgtg7MWfcK7aa_nN=w298-h400" width="298" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Reproduction of a Philadelphia Broadside 1781, In the Emmet Collection, New York Public Library. (Click to make bigger.)</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">I don’t know whether Eleazar and Elizabeth were involved in the nursing
of the soldiers but Eleazar lived in that area at the time so it is likely he
helped especially as members of his mother’s family are referenced as assisting
with the wounded in several history articles and books.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">The first record
I have on Eleazar, after his birth, is his marriage to Elizabeth Harlan on 12
July 1784. Like her parents before her, Eleazar and Elizabeth went outside the
Quaker meeting to get married. On for October 1784, the meeting records for the
Deep River Monthly Meeting in Guilford County North Carolina, state “also
complains of Eleazar Kersey for going out in marriage; therefore this meeting
disowns the said Eleazar Kersey to be a member of our society until he condemn
his misconduct to the satisfaction of Friends William Tomlinson is appointed to
inform him of the proceedings of this meeting against him with his right of
appeal, and that he may have a copy of this minute by applying to the clerk.” <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">Eleazar and
Elizabeth’s daughter, Esther, was born in about 1784, and may have been the
reason the couple did not wish to go through the multiple monthly Meetings
involved in a Quaker marriage procedure (I described the marriage procedure in
this post on <a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2020/03/ezekiel-harlan-1679-1731-quaker-yeoman.html" target="_blank">Ezekial Harlan</a>). Their daughter Ayles (Alice) was born on 6 April 1785, in
Springfield in Guilford County North Carolina. It was some years before Eleazar
requested readmittance to the meeting, fitting the pattern I learned of while
researching for the post on Stephan Harlan, where oftentimes a couple who had
married outside of the Society would seek readmission just prior to requesting
a certificate of transfer to move to a new meeting. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">Eleazar was
doing well as a landowner and farmer. On 16 May 1787, a survey was performed on
his land. It shows he owned 450 acres, on both sides of Richland Creek. The
survey document was recorded (perhaps recorded again) on 30 November 1796.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgXpwBc-6pCUE_wOSPRevapU05Jks6hasAT0ih-R3gPD6-Y25dSR_Jzfn0QqZ4U-PnNiKdL7XnRyBAyJf4rqpA0VrTv5aKtefKDILxJbffOoO4LOrDZAA0I5MjhEtNWLPlm5AG0GuKtj24vEOincefqZe1dB2EobFeZB3sLnrtM8wjTDc3099B1a0Hc=s5335" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="5335" data-original-width="3575" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgXpwBc-6pCUE_wOSPRevapU05Jks6hasAT0ih-R3gPD6-Y25dSR_Jzfn0QqZ4U-PnNiKdL7XnRyBAyJf4rqpA0VrTv5aKtefKDILxJbffOoO4LOrDZAA0I5MjhEtNWLPlm5AG0GuKtj24vEOincefqZe1dB2EobFeZB3sLnrtM8wjTDc3099B1a0Hc=w214-h320" width="214" /></a></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg6VNrni9cg_xkV2HqewPVO2-TULLWjM2Rby07dp2H1SU8g1z0wUtwzdfg91PbD5IG39q6VATn0RzDwriMqpAsWnCMAX53ji0KeimUgpDVbur2tmX5YuvPc6s7a-DWdsLPcQM5E7MKaFN_K2WKAKdl1ezKgBeQmxaY_p1Lkdv9t-b77rFOa1KGGNlhY=s5319" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="5319" data-original-width="3591" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg6VNrni9cg_xkV2HqewPVO2-TULLWjM2Rby07dp2H1SU8g1z0wUtwzdfg91PbD5IG39q6VATn0RzDwriMqpAsWnCMAX53ji0KeimUgpDVbur2tmX5YuvPc6s7a-DWdsLPcQM5E7MKaFN_K2WKAKdl1ezKgBeQmxaY_p1Lkdv9t-b77rFOa1KGGNlhY=w216-h320" width="216" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">1st page of survey of Eleazar's land. (Click to make bigger.)</span></td></tr></tbody></table><o:p><br /></o:p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">Eleazar and
Elizabeth’s son Stephen Kersey was born on 6 May 1789, and their son Jesse
Kersey was born in about 1790. According to the 1790 census, the family lived
in Guilford County, North Carolina. The census counted 1 free white person male
under 16, 1 free white person male over 16 and 3 free white persons female in
the household. They had another son, William Kersey, in about 1791 and a fourth
son, Enoch Kersey, on 10 May 1794, also in Guilford County. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">Now that he had
a family, Eleazar, who was now 31, wanted to start attending Monthly Meetings. On
4 August 1794, the minutes for the Deep River Monthly Meeting, stated that
“Eleazar Kersey appeared at this meeting and offered a paper condemning his
accomplishing his marriage contrary to discipline, which was accepted.” And
then, one month later, on 1 September 1794, the meeting minutes record, “Also
informs that Eleazar Kersey requests a certificate to Springfield Monthly
Meeting; David Sanders and Amos Mills are appointed to make the needful Enquiry
and if they find nothing to hinder, to prepare one and produced to the next
meeting.” A certificate of removal was prepared by the Deep River Monthly
Meeting on 6 October 1794. On the same date, the minutes of the Springfield
Monthly Meeting record, “Eleazar Kersey produced a certificate to this meeting
from deep River monthly meeting dated the 6th of 10 mo 1794, which was accepted.”
The Springfield Monthly Meeting was about 18 miles from the New Garden Meeting and
both were in Guilford County.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjSqRC090Ksh1awPg3DIc-nMw6rohyTAiiaSzOnxdbK95emcUeH8uS8aTo79jrQ9VmnX12lJD8gN5X_B2gGwRdDdTJQvWJwQToj2mgD1O5FOlg3BWapOHpihP4VgZiyoyZb5muveAkWTzhmEUbfa0pPA7oY55zB_nVAvs2JPTuCpDnk13nUVT9_DAeI=s728" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="728" data-original-width="691" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjSqRC090Ksh1awPg3DIc-nMw6rohyTAiiaSzOnxdbK95emcUeH8uS8aTo79jrQ9VmnX12lJD8gN5X_B2gGwRdDdTJQvWJwQToj2mgD1O5FOlg3BWapOHpihP4VgZiyoyZb5muveAkWTzhmEUbfa0pPA7oY55zB_nVAvs2JPTuCpDnk13nUVT9_DAeI=w380-h400" width="380" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Map shows the Quaker Meeting Houses ("mh") in the county and where Richland Creek is (look bottom left area) (Click to make bigger.)</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">On 30 November
1796, Eleazar expanded his land by buying 129 acres by Richland Creek from
Arthur Carney, for 60 pounds. Two years later, Eleazar and Elizabeth’s next son
was born on 15 July 1798 and named after his father, Eleazar.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">On 5 September
1801, the Springfield monthly meeting minutes stated that “the preparative
meeting informs this that Eleazar Kersey requests to have his children joined
in membership, and they have been under the care of the preparative, this
meeting grants the request. Their names are Stephen, William, Enoch, Jesse,
Eleazar & Moses.” A month later, on 3 October 1801, the Springfield Women’s
Monthly Meeting minutes, reflected that “Elizabeth Kersey requests for her two
daughters, Ayles & Esther, to be joined in membership & they having
been under the care of the preparative meeting some time, this meeting grants
for request.”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">Another daughter
was added to the family when Elizabeth was born on 19 Jan 1805. Their last child, Moses, was born on 6
September 1806. Eleazar and Elizabeth were 44 when their last child was born.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">The next record
I have for Eleazar is on 9 September 1815 when he was appointed to represent the
Springfield Monthly Meeting and attend the coming yearly meeting. Later that
year, on 4 November 1815, the minutes of the New Garden Quarterly Meeting, a
regional governing body above the local monthly meetings, show that “Elazar
Kersey” produced a certificate from the Springfield monthly meeting to the New
Garden quarterly meeting recommending him to the station of Elder, which was
accepted. This shows that Eleazar was a respected leader within his community.
He was 53.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">Unfortunately,
tragedy struck the next year and on May 29, 1816, Eleazar wrote a short will,
just before dying on June 1, 1816. The will was probated in August 1816. It
read: “Be it remembered this 29<sup>th</sup> day of this fifth month in the
year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred & sixteen that I Eleazar Kersey
of Guilford County in the state of North Carolina being sick and weak in body
but of sound mind & of majority make this my last will & Testament in
the following manner it is my will that all my just debts and funeral charges
should be first paid and discharged by my executors hereinafter named. Item I
give & bequeath unto my loving wife Elizabeth Kersey all my movable effects
except what is hereafter in this will directed to be given to my children and
when she has done with it let my daughter Elizabeth Kersey have what remains
thereof And let my wife have full privilege of living in my dwelling house
during her widowhood, also her maintenance.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">Item I give
& bequeath unto my two sons Stephen & William Kersey all that piece of
land which I bought of William Beals to be equally in value divided between
them at the direction of my executor to be theirs, their heirs or assigns
forever Item it is my wish that my said
two sons Stephen & William should pay cash of [?] $25 to my executors to
help pay my debts – Item I give & bequeath unto my four sons Enoch Jesse
Eleazar & Moses Kersey all that piece of land whereon I now live to be
equally (in value) divided among them at the discretion of my executors to be
theirs their heirs or assigns forever – – is my will that Eleazar my son should
have thy dwelling house when his mother has done with it. Item I give and
bequeath unto my son Enoch that mare his but if she has a cold let his brother
Eleazar have the first she brings forth Item I give I give & bequeath unto
my two sons Jesse & Moses each of them a colt which has been called theirs.
Item I give & bequeath unto my daughter Elizabeth Kersey one feather &
and furniture bed one desk and one large pewter disk. Item. I give &
bequeath unto my two daughters, Alice Beeson & Esther Wolfington to each of
them five shillings sterling And lastly I nominate and appoint my trustee
brother in law, Stephen Harlan, & my wife Elizabeth Kersey & my son
Stephen Kersey executors of my last will and testament thereby making void all
former wills by me before made or appearing in my name declaring allowing or
confessing item as no other to be my last will & testament.” … The will was
signed by Eleazar Kersey and witnessed by Amos Kersey, William Kersey, and
Elizabeth Kersey, likely two of his sons and his wife.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhUyq6KRJdoUl8TxpqDAITxc_tA4_2jmCJbnLaKyZHcxRe9QkPB_2TrAlOU1dg9hPHfxTrRjBxI9aZhFIH3iNGJzNBH1MbceQEC-EKA7lvh8M1REB1o-YQEVs7GFKSiabGCf3hbB_2L8g2SryNxtIiOENAeumlA0d6awoaNdhgfa2aS2FG_mgwxOdZo=s3361" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2607" data-original-width="3361" height="310" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhUyq6KRJdoUl8TxpqDAITxc_tA4_2jmCJbnLaKyZHcxRe9QkPB_2TrAlOU1dg9hPHfxTrRjBxI9aZhFIH3iNGJzNBH1MbceQEC-EKA7lvh8M1REB1o-YQEVs7GFKSiabGCf3hbB_2L8g2SryNxtIiOENAeumlA0d6awoaNdhgfa2aS2FG_mgwxOdZo=w400-h310" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Eleazar Kersey's Will. (Click to make bigger.)</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">His wife,
Elizabeth survived him. I’ve found no record of Elizabeth remarrying after
Eleazar died even though she survived him by twenty-nine years. She lived to
see three of her children migrate 500 miles away to Indiana, and to see at
least three of her other children predecease her (I don’t know when two of her
children died). Elizabeth died on 27 Feb
1845.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjIFvWFWfmSpki79E9eGs644o1xEuCQ05SuJ3OfBdh3ad4rsIh8TT7U6tD-QXaLgkMm7OL2oqDAp0fWyAu0uiDHG14anu2WmuDcbYToCkAgbS6SHl4L_9BuLgFApvcsF88_NQBYRFH8qjVXGWnjPCp-SxVKqGb3xVaFe4s3UPPmhNGR2KfHN7wsZEG1=s2499" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="428" data-original-width="2499" height="69" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjIFvWFWfmSpki79E9eGs644o1xEuCQ05SuJ3OfBdh3ad4rsIh8TT7U6tD-QXaLgkMm7OL2oqDAp0fWyAu0uiDHG14anu2WmuDcbYToCkAgbS6SHl4L_9BuLgFApvcsF88_NQBYRFH8qjVXGWnjPCp-SxVKqGb3xVaFe4s3UPPmhNGR2KfHN7wsZEG1=w400-h69" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Death record for Elizabeth Harlan Kersey from the minutes of the Springfield Monthly Meeting. <br />(Click to make bigger.)<br /></span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">Eleazar and
Elizabeth’s children were: my fourth great grandmother, Esther Kersey (bn.
about 1784, dd. about 1850, m. Abraham
Wolfington), Ayles (Alice) Kersey (bn. 6 April 1785, dd. 10 April 1850, m. Seth
Beeson 18 Oct 1804), Stephen Kersey (bn. 6 May 1789, dd. 12 march 1845, m.
Jemima Leonard in 1812), Jesse Kersey (bn. about 1790, dd. ?), William Kersey (bn.
about 1791, dd. 3 Feb 1840), Enoch Kersey (bn. 10 May 1794, dd. 1 Dec 1837, m.
Sarah Curl 6 August 1834), Eleazar Kersey (bn. 15 July 1798, dd. 8 March 1854,
m. Naomi Hodson, 21 November 1835), Elizabeth Kersey (bn. 19 Jan 1805, dd. ?),
and Moses Kersey (6 Sept 1806, dd. Nov 1841, m. Asenith Ricks 24 October 1833).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; line-height: normal; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in; padding: 0in;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
</div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">History and Genealogy of the
Harland Family in America, and particularly of the descendants of George and
Michael Harlan, who settled in Chester County PA, 1687, compiled by Alpheus
Harlan (The Lord Baltimore Press 1914); Swarthmore College; Swarthmore,
Pennsylvania; Minutes, 1746-1768; Collection: Philadelphia Yearly Meeting
Minutes; Call Number: MR-Ph 339, U.S., Quaker Meeting Records, 1681-1935,
Ancestry.com; </span> North Carolina, Land Grant Files, 1693-1960,
Ancestry.com; <span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">North Carolina Quakers in the Era of the
American Revolution by Steven Jay White, University of Tennessee –
Knoxville </span><a href="https://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=2514&context=utk_gradthes"><span style="background: white; color: #5321bb; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">https://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=2514&context=utk_gradthes</span></a><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">; </span><a href="https://www.nps.gov/guco/quakers-at-the-battle-of-guilford-courthouse.htm">Quakers
at the Battle of Guilford Courthouse - Guilford Courthouse National Military
Park (U.S. National Park Service) (nps.gov)</a>; <a href="https://amrevnc.com/battle-new-garden/">Battle of New Garden | American
Revolution Tour of N.C. (amrevnc.com)</a>; <a href="https://revolutionarywar.us/year-1781/battle-new-garden-meetinghouse/">Battle
of New Garden Meetinghouse • American Revolutionary War</a>; <a href="https://digital.ncdcr.gov/digital/collection/p15012coll1/id/9610">Copy of
sketch of New Garden Quaker community, Guilford Co., North Carolina, time of
battle of Guilford Court House, March 15, 1781 - Family Records - North
Carolina Digital Collections (ncdcr.gov)</a>; <a href="https://www.ncdcr.gov/blog/2017/04/10/quaker-meeting-house-site-skirmish-prior-guilford-courthouse">Quaker
Meeting House Site of Skirmish Prior to Guilford Courthouse | NC DNCR
(ncdcr.gov)</a>; New Garden Friends Meeting – The Christian People called
Quakers by Hiram H Hilty, first printed in 1983; revised and expanded 2001 (<a href="https://ia802503.us.archive.org/32/items/newgardenfriends00hilt/newgardenfriends00hilt.pdf">New
Garden Friends Meeting : the Christian people called Quakers (archive.org)</a>);
<a href="https://nclandgrants.com/home.htm">NC Land Grant Images and Data |
Home (nclandgrants.com)</a>; Wills, 1771-1943; Author: North Carolina. County
Court of Pleas and Quarter Sessions (Guilford County); Probate Place: Guilford,
North Carolina, digitized by Ancestry.com; <span style="background: whitesmoke; color: #181a1c; font-family: "Source Sans Pro",sans-serif;">1790 United States Federal Census</span><o:p></o:p></p><p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div class="blogger-post-footer">© 2013 to present. Jo Allison Henn
If you would like to use anything featured on this post for non-commercial purposes, please credit and link back to this blog. If you wish to use any of the material on this site for other means, please seek the written permission of Jo Allison Henn (email address is on Contact Me page).
</div>Jo Hennhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17566276500934815959noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4967992205144808298.post-70845955495649082692021-03-15T01:43:00.000-04:002021-03-15T01:46:00.880-04:00Stephen Harlan (1740-1830), Farmer, Millwright, Wagon-Maker, Friend <p> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DD6aPDjHmyw/YE7cNEPpdKI/AAAAAAAAVA8/LJoeLRa_HHoOYPi18n4scEaV76FjK7xZQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/Fry%2BJefferson%2BMap%2B1751.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="1751 Joshua Fry and Peter Jefferson Map" border="0" data-original-height="650" data-original-width="1024" height="254" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DD6aPDjHmyw/YE7cNEPpdKI/AAAAAAAAVA8/LJoeLRa_HHoOYPi18n4scEaV76FjK7xZQCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h254/Fry%2BJefferson%2BMap%2B1751.jpg" title="1751 Joshua Fry and Peter Jefferson Map" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A map of the most inhabited part of Virginia containing the whole province of Maryland with part of Pennsylvania, New Jersey and North Carolina. Drawn by Joshua Fry & Peter Jefferson in 1751, published by Thos. Jefferys, London, 1755. <br />Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons<br />Click to Make Bigger</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Stephen Harlan is my sixth great-grandfather. He is the son
of William Harlan (1702-1783) and Margaret Farlow (1703-1767) – I wrote about
them <a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2021/01/william-harlan-1702-1783-colonial.html" target="_blank">HERE</a>.
This is another post where</span> <span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I’m locking
my perfectionism in the closet and proceeding anyway, in defiance of pandemic
brain exhaustion. (I don’t have much documentation on him and I couldn’t verify
as much of the family history as I’d prefer, but I learned a lot of history I
never knew before in researching him and there's a wonderful love story towards the end of the post). The “History and Genealogy of the
Harland Family in America”, compiled by Alpheus
Harlan describes Stephen as a farmer, millwright, wagon-maker, Friend. He is
also a pioneer. In my last post, I stated that in my research of the Harlan
line, I have found that the older sons tended to stay close to home their whole
lives and the younger ones tend to be the pioneers leaving and pushing further
into the new country. Stephen’s father, William, was the first-born son and lived
his whole life in the county in which he was born. On the other hand, Stephen
was their seventh child and fourth son, and he moved his family to the western frontier
counties of North Carolina (now mid-North Carolina), about 440 miles from his
parents’ home.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Stephen's parents, William and Margaret, had nine
children: Mary Harlan (bn 1722- dd ?, married William Moore 1742), William
Harlan (bn 1724- dd 1819, married Abigail Hollingsworth 1743), Jonathan Harlan
(bn 1726- dd 1774, married Elizabeth Webb 1749), Alice Harlan (bn 1730- dd
1797, married Richard Flower 1754), Sarah Harlan (bn 1732- dd 1775, married
Robert McMinn 1749), <b>Stephen Harlan</b> <b>(bn 1740- dd 1830, married Mary
Carter abt 1761)</b>, George Harlan (bn 1743- dd 1821, married Elizabeth
Chandler 1768), and Enoch Harlan (bn 1745- dd 1794, married Edith Carter 1769).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Stephen was born on 12 May 1740 (3, 12, 1740)*
in West Marlborough, Chester County, the British colony of Pennsylvania. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I have no information about
his childhood and growing up years. As I noted the post about his father, I
could find no records on the family between his parents’ marriage and his
mother’s death. All of the secondary sources and genealogy website posts about
Stephen Harlan that I have found have referred to him as a Quaker (Friend), but
actual Quaker records (or at least the ones I can access from home sitting on
my couch) are very sparse concerning Stephen. He probably was Quaker since his
parents were and some of the later Quaker meeting records of his children in
North Carolina indicate that they were birthright Quakers. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">It is perhaps ironic that
the one Quaker record I found regarding Stephen is a meeting record for the New
Garden Meeting in Pennsylvania: “given forth at our mo. Meeting of Newgarden
held the 28 day of the 4<sup>th</sup> mo 1759 -- Whereas Stephen Harlan son of
William Harlan have had his education amongst us, but he not regarding the
Principles Councils nor Precautions, but being Strong in his own self will,
Placed his Affection on a woman not of Our Society & was Marryed by a
Priest for which disorderly and Stubborn practice we disown him to be of our
Society until by Repentance he comes to see the Evil of his ways, which is our
desire he may. Signed in & on behalf of the Meeting by Isaac Jackson.” <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-g6S1Dt1Rvj4/YE7kF55dltI/AAAAAAAAVBE/-j6z6sOwxlAMSFLlUluY7lHjRY6a-OltwCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/InkedHarlan%252C%2BStephen%2B28%2BApr%2B1759%2Bdisowned%2Bby%2Bmeeting%2Bfor%2Bmarrying%2Boutside%2Bof%2Bfaith%2B%252C%2Bp%2B1_LI.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Stephen Harlan Disowned 28 April 1759" border="0" data-original-height="1615" data-original-width="2048" height="253" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-g6S1Dt1Rvj4/YE7kF55dltI/AAAAAAAAVBE/-j6z6sOwxlAMSFLlUluY7lHjRY6a-OltwCLcBGAsYHQ/w320-h253/InkedHarlan%252C%2BStephen%2B28%2BApr%2B1759%2Bdisowned%2Bby%2Bmeeting%2Bfor%2Bmarrying%2Boutside%2Bof%2Bfaith%2B%252C%2Bp%2B1_LI.jpg" title="Stephen Harlan Disowned 28 April 1759" width="320" /></a></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XF_aYARbjhU/YE7kMMUQ7VI/AAAAAAAAVBI/sZ5WRVjyb8Ipu9DblZSguKHsfyz14xbiwCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/InkedHarlan%252C%2BStephen%2B28%2BApr%2B1759%2Bdisowned%2Bby%2Bmeeting%2Bfor%2Bmarrying%2Boutside%2Bof%2Bfaith%2B%252C%2Bp%2B2_LI.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1619" data-original-width="2048" height="253" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XF_aYARbjhU/YE7kMMUQ7VI/AAAAAAAAVBI/sZ5WRVjyb8Ipu9DblZSguKHsfyz14xbiwCLcBGAsYHQ/w320-h253/InkedHarlan%252C%2BStephen%2B28%2BApr%2B1759%2Bdisowned%2Bby%2Bmeeting%2Bfor%2Bmarrying%2Boutside%2Bof%2Bfaith%2B%252C%2Bp%2B2_LI.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">New Garden Monthly Meeting 30 Jun 1759, Stephen Harlan, Disowned<br />Quaker Meeting Records, Ancestry.com</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">All the secondary sources I
have found agree that he was disowned by the Society for marrying his wife,
Mary Carter, daughter of Nathaniel and Ann (McPherson) Carter, farmers, in the
Immanuel (Episcopal) Church in Newcastle in the Delaware colony, but they all
have the marriage occurring on 2 December 1761 – over two years later. I
haven’t found a disowning record for him in 1761 or 1762. That’s not to say it
doesn’t exist, but I didn’t find it (yet). If Stephen and Mary married in 1759,
they were both 18; if they married in 1761, they were both 21.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">He would not necessarily
have remained disowned. Members could be disowned for a variety of reasons
(marrying outside of the society, getting drunk, d</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">ancing, not dressing plain, fighting, playing
cards, joining the army during a war, etc.) </span><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">and
could be readmitted to the Society of Friends if they submitted a written
petition to the Meeting acknowledging and repenting of their
wrongdoing/willfulness and then the Meeting would decide whether to readmit
them to the Society. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In going outside the meeting
to marry, Stephen followed in the footsteps of his new father-in-law, Nathaniel
Carter, who was a birthright member of the Society of Friends, but married Ann
McPherson in an Episcopal ceremony at Holy Trinity (Old Swedes) Church in
Wilmington, Delaware. So, his new in-laws were likely not quite as shocked as
his own parents would have been.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">A Quaker marriage took
months (see </span><span style="background: white; color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2020/03/ezekiel-harlan-1679-1731-quaker-yeoman.html" target="_blank">this post</a></span><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> for a description of the marriage process). Some couples did not want to wait
that long and would go “outside of the Meeting” to be married by another
religion’s church leader or by a judge. Often a couple who had married outside
of the Society would seek readmission just prior to requesting a certificate of
transfer in order to move to a new meeting. If this occurred years after their
marriage any children born prior to their readmission would not have their
births recorded in the monthly meeting records. I have been unable to find
contemporaneous birth records on any of Stephen and Mary’s children in the
Quaker records (several of them do have their birthdates recited in later Quaker
records when they married or died). I don’t know whether that is because
Stephen and Mary never were readmitted or because the area the family later
moved to was a frontier area with a Meeting that was subsequently “laid down”
(closed) in 1772, and the records for that Meeting have been lost.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Stephen and Mary had at
least nine children: <b>Elizabeth</b> <b>(bn 1762, dd 27 Feb 1845, m. Eleazar
Kersey 1784)</b>, Alice Ellen (bn 22 July 1764, dd 17 June 1835, m. Moses
Robbins 1786), Margaret (7 Dec 1766, dd 30 Nov 1825, m Obed Barnard 1810), Stephen
(bn 25 Jan 1773, dd 6 July 1859, m. Alice Smith 1795), Edith (bn 6 Sept, dd 27
March 1847, m. William Hill), Enoch (bn 17 March 1776, dd 9 June 1863, m.
Abigail Jones 1805), Mary (bn 12 Sept 1779, dd 22 May 1841, m. William Morrison
1802), and Ruth (bn ?, dd ?, m. George Criscow 1814), Ann (bn ?, dd 1866).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">By the time Stephen and Mary
married, the eastern portion of Pennsylvania was becoming quite crowded and it
was difficult for a younger person to find land to farm. The proprietors of the
colony discouraged expansion West into the mountains because of treaties with
the indigenous tribes so expansion had been </span><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">deflected southward into the
valleys of Maryland and Virginia, and into the Piedmont region of the Carolinas.
Within a few years after their marriage, Stephen and Mary and their first two
children joined what has been described as “the first large overland migration
of families in American history”, to the South. <span style="background: white; color: #111111;">The “History and Genealogy of the Harland Family in America…”
states that they may have moved south to Cumberland County NC with Mary’s
family and I’ve seen other blogs writing that they joined Mary’s family
who were already in Cumberland County, NC.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>At that time Cumberland Country was part of the North Carolina
backcountry – now, it is towards the eastern edge of the middle of the state.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The trip from Southeast
Pennsylvania to the North Carolina backcountry was over 400 miles long. The
migrating families largely followed one of two routes South. But before leaving
they had to plan their journey and pack their belongings, paring down what they
owned, so that it all fit in a Conestoga wagon, and selling or giving away the
rest. The Harlans likely had the advantage of knowing quite a bit about the
destination from correspondence with Quakers who had moved to the area before
them. Also, in many cases, fathers made a preliminary trip to the backcountry
to see what prospects there were and what the trip would be like before taking
the family there, and it is possible that Stephen made that trip on behalf of
his family. It would help explain the extended gap between children after the
oldest two were born. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sStNRxjlXSU/YE7m63lR6ZI/AAAAAAAAVBU/Fzb2rNstKvc1fNWidFZMQ3OGzcHkp4n_wCLcBGAsYHQ/s512/Conestoga_Wagon_1883_-_512px.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="301" data-original-width="512" height="235" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sStNRxjlXSU/YE7m63lR6ZI/AAAAAAAAVBU/Fzb2rNstKvc1fNWidFZMQ3OGzcHkp4n_wCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h235/Conestoga_Wagon_1883_-_512px.jpg" title="painting 1883 by Newbold Hough Trotter" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Conestoga Painting (1883) by Newbold Hough Trotter<br />in the public domain</td></tr></tbody></table></span></p><span> </span>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p><br /><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Most families did not have a wagon before the trip and had to buy one, and the wagon of choice for the trip, the Conestoga wagon, was developed in Lancaster County Pennsylvania. It is possible that since Stephen Harlan has been described as a wagon maker, he may have built one or more for the family for the trip. It was the primary overland cargo vehicle until the railroads were invented. Because of its weight, it required a team of at least four horses. They would pack the wagon with clothing, food for at least for a few days and a similar amount of feed for the animals traveling with them, and a canvas tarp for a tent, and items they would need in their new homes such as tools, farming implements, cloth for clothing, and seed.<br /><br /> <br /><br />The main route was a series of roads and paths on a north-south course that came to be called the Great Wagon Road, where travelers left from Philadelphia, crossed over the gentle hills of Chester and Lancaster counties towards South Mountain (part of the northern extension of the Blue Ridge Mountain range) crossing the Susquehanna River by ferry or by ford, through the Maryland Hill country, into Virginia, where they had to cross the Potomac River, by ferry or ford, usually above Alexandria. They would then travel on through the valley of Virginia heading towards Western North Carolina or Southwest Virginia, almost all of it uphill through oak and pine forest, rising from 2000 feet above sea level at the start to 3000 feet above sea level at the end. By 1753, the Great Wagon Road made up a significant chunk of the route that many took to the backcountry of Virginia North Carolina, with a spur called the Carolina Road. Families traveling on this route dealt with daily challenges. Traveling the back country roads with a party on horseback, or walking, with wagons full of supplies was difficult as they were poorly maintained and poorly marked, even by 18th-century standards; and at the end of the day, families had to set up camp or find shelter in a private home that was willing to take in travelers. There were inns/taverns along the way called Ordinaries, but quality varied significantly and families sometimes preferred to camp near the Ordinary rather than to pay for rooms. The Ordinaries also offered opportunities for the travelers to buy provisions, send mail ahead to their new community or back to the family they had left behind, and get directions for the next leg of their journey. It took about four to five weeks for a family to migrate from Pennsylvania to the Piedmont of North Carolina.<br /><br /> <br /><br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_g33mLgMcrc/YE7qAaoZUNI/AAAAAAAAVBc/N_EbNASR81QFs4pf15LmG-nvuszCaTpIQCLcBGAsYHQ/s529/512px-Great_Valley_Road_Map.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Climbing My Family Tree: Great Wagon Road and Carolina Spur" border="0" data-original-height="529" data-original-width="512" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_g33mLgMcrc/YE7qAaoZUNI/AAAAAAAAVBc/N_EbNASR81QFs4pf15LmG-nvuszCaTpIQCLcBGAsYHQ/w388-h400/512px-Great_Valley_Road_Map.png" title="Great Wagon Road and Carolina Spur" width="388" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Great Wagon Road and Carolina Spur<br />Click to make bigger</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oCtEBUfiB-c/YE7qqievulI/AAAAAAAAVBk/J2pCQjjRdbMO--tHUhVsI7nJUr9PaMLMQCLcBGAsYHQ/s581/Chesapeake%2BFerry%2BRoute.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Climbing My Family Tree: 18th C East Coast Chesapeake Ferry Route PA to NC" border="0" data-original-height="491" data-original-width="581" height="338" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oCtEBUfiB-c/YE7qqievulI/AAAAAAAAVBk/J2pCQjjRdbMO--tHUhVsI7nJUr9PaMLMQCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h338/Chesapeake%2BFerry%2BRoute.png" title="18th C East Coast Chesapeake Ferry Route PA to NC" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">18th C East Coast Chesapeake Ferry Route PA to NC</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><br />There was another route that was used by many from southeastern Pennsylvania, Delaware, and northeastern Maryland. For people in those areas, the most direct route to the North Carolina backcountry was a trip along the length of the peninsula comprising Delaware and the eastern shores of Maryland and Virginia. The roads along this route were not any worse than the roads comprising the Great Wagon Road but traffic along this route was lighter than on other routes. One deterrent could have been the 60-mile ferry ride across the Chesapeake Bay from Cheristone in Northampton County to the town of Norfolk Virginia, as it involved a significant investment of money and time. The ferry ran across the bay on a schedule determined by tides and winds, and those waiting to take it could be delayed for several days, and if enough people arrived waiting for the ferry, there would be no guarantee of there being sufficient room on the ferry for all those who waited. The roads beyond the ferry were often just paths instead of actual roads, and directions were confusing. There were also Ordinaries along this route, providing the same services as was available on the Great Wagon Road, and again many families preferred to camp with their Conestoga’s near the Ordinaries and save the money for settling in their new homes. Travelers could buy provisions from private homeowners along the way and occasionally stay the night with a breakfast provided in the morning. It was a long, hard trip with a family and it took approximately three weeks if there was no hold up at the Chesapeake Bay ferry. <br /><br /> <br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-t7Bm9h4ug8c/YE7rT5jnWwI/AAAAAAAAVBs/HG2LHVDqnXsTFi1CYWxq9HaOOLxUwxpYACLcBGAsYHQ/s603/NC%2BCounties%2B1760.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Map of North Carolina Counties in 1760" border="0" data-original-height="249" data-original-width="603" height="165" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-t7Bm9h4ug8c/YE7rT5jnWwI/AAAAAAAAVBs/HG2LHVDqnXsTFi1CYWxq9HaOOLxUwxpYACLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h165/NC%2BCounties%2B1760.jpg" title="Map of North Carolina Counties in 1760" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Map of North Carolina Counties in 1760</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /> <br /><br />It’s estimated that Stephen and his family made the trip in 1765, so that means the children on the trip would have been Elizabeth, 3, and Alice, approximately 1-year-old. The family first moved to Cumberland County, which today is not part of the Piedmont region (the county has shrunk as other counties were formed out of the original western parts of the county and it is now wholly in the eastern region of the state). Since they moved to Cumberland County, if they did rejoin the Quaker meeting, they would have joined the Dunn’s Creek monthly meeting in the Cape Fear River Valley (the Meeting site today would be about 8 miles southeast of Fayetteville NC). In later years the Meeting closed, which may explain why there are no records from the Dunn’s Creek Meeting. As far as I can tell, Stephen and Mary did not have any children for the first several years after they moved to North Carolina. That may have been because of the effort put in to settle in a new area on the edge of civilization, and it also may have been because people tend to not want to have children during a period of disturbance or war, and they had moved into an area that was anything but settled politically. <br /><br /> <br /><br />In 1766, local conflicts had erupted when backcountry farmers and small merchants in the Piedmont, calling themselves Regulators, tried to fight government corruption, unclear land laws, problems in the court system, and taxes to help build a governor's palace in the Coastal Plain at New Bern. (Lord John Earl Granville, who had been rewarded with nearly one-half of North Carolina by the King for his services, admitted fees and taxes were excessive and that 50 percent of the taxes collected were embezzled by his agents.) The popular movement to eliminate this corrupt system of government and replace it with a fairer version came to be known as the Regulator Uprising, War of the Regulation, or the Regulator War. At first, 1765 through the spring of 1768, it involved sporadic local protests and clashes over attempts to collect taxes. In 1768, the clashes escalated and the local objectors came together in an organized opposition who called themselves the Regulation or Regulators. The Regulators acts became more violent (including invading the courts, driving judges from the bench and dragging and whipping attorneys through the streets) because they felt their efforts to object were being ignored. The movement climaxed with the Battle of Alamance on May 16, 1771. Colonial Governor Tryon led a well-trained loyal militia of about 1,000 men into the backcountry. The usual Regulator strategy was to scare the governor with a show of superior numbers in order to force him to give in to their demands, and depending on the account, the Regulators showed up with between 2000-6000 men. Governor Tryon ordered the Regulators to disperse and return to their homes and when they did not, he shot and killed one of the leading Regulators. More shots were exchanged, but the untrained Regulator resistance dissolved and it was all over in two hours with nine deaths for the governor's forces and about the same for the Regulators. Following the battle, Tryon's militia army traveled through Regulator territory, where he had Regulators and Regulator sympathizers sign loyalty oaths, destroyed the properties of the most active Regulators and had six of the Regulators hung for their part in the uprising. He also raised taxes to pay for his militia's defeat of the Regulators. <br /><br /> <br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0XI_jOMw6p0/YE7sFP_G3SI/AAAAAAAAVB0/26uiIfvkiu4XbJJDv0Btg8fSkcKaJ1GMwCLcBGAsYHQ/s727/Battle%2Bof%2BAlamance%2BPostcard%2Bcirca%2B1905%2B1915%2B%2Bby%2Bartist%2BJ%2BSteeple%2BDavis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Climbing My Family Tree: Battle of Alamance Postcard circa 1905 1915 by artist J Steeple Davis" border="0" data-original-height="459" data-original-width="727" height="253" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0XI_jOMw6p0/YE7sFP_G3SI/AAAAAAAAVB0/26uiIfvkiu4XbJJDv0Btg8fSkcKaJ1GMwCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h253/Battle%2Bof%2BAlamance%2BPostcard%2Bcirca%2B1905%2B1915%2B%2Bby%2Bartist%2BJ%2BSteeple%2BDavis.jpg" title="Battle of Alamance Postcard circa 1905 1915 by artist J Steeple Davis" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Battle of Alamance Postcard circa 1905 1915 by artist J Steeple Davis<br />in the public domain</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><br />The Society of Friends in their official capacity condemned the Regulation movement to the fullest extent. The Quakers' religious principles did not allow them to condone the overthrow or challenge of any established government; obedience to the existing government, when such obedience did not run counter to conscience, was a fundamental duty. However, individual Quakers were known to have sympathized with the Regulators. Throughout the movement's years, 1766 to 1771, members were frequently disowned for doing anything associated with the movement. The Cane Creek Meeting disowned or had denials published by twenty-eight members on grounds ranging from “attending a disorderly meeting” and “joining a group refusing to pay taxes” to actually taking up arms. In 1771, eighteen men were disowned, sixteen of them two weeks after the Battle of Alamance. On the other hand, many Friends were forced to contribute to the war against their will by the colonial government to meet demands for provisions and equipment for the provincial forces fighting the Regulators. <br /><br /> <br /><br />Stephen and Mary and their family had moved to the portion of North Carolina most affected by the Regulator movement, at the start of the movement. I don’t know if they were involved or held to Quaker standards of noninvolvement. Either way, it would have been a tense time to live through. Stephen and his family lived in Cumberland County for several years because at least two of the children were born in Cumberland County, after the defeat of the Regulator movement: Stephen in 1773 and Edith in 1775. </span></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;">They had another son in 1776, who they named for Stephen’s youngest brother Enoch. Their daughter, Mary, was born in 1779. Although I have no birth records for any of their children, later records place both Enoch’s and Mary’s births in Randolph County. But Randolph County NC didn’t exist when Enoch was born; it was created out of the southern third of Guilford County on February 2, 1779. So, if the family had moved away from Cumberland County, it is likely that Enoch’s birth should have been attributed to Guilford County. Stephen and Mary had at least one more daughter, Ruth, but I have no idea when she was born and so don’t know where she fits in the sibling order.<br /><br /> <br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OTz07dT5t40/YE7tzfRZBxI/AAAAAAAAVB8/le1yusH6lgEzQR7D8vSCvk3428j729SIgCLcBGAsYHQ/s603/nc%2Bcounties%2B1775.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Map of North Carolina Counties in 1775" border="0" data-original-height="249" data-original-width="603" height="165" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OTz07dT5t40/YE7tzfRZBxI/AAAAAAAAVB8/le1yusH6lgEzQR7D8vSCvk3428j729SIgCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h165/nc%2Bcounties%2B1775.jpg" title="Map of North Carolina Counties in 1775" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Click to make bigger</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-M8j7BxYMt0o/YE7tzcFSJZI/AAAAAAAAVCA/zZMFkti_gWAEgh0abzuWOeOe3PleiquawCLcBGAsYHQ/s603/nc%2Bcounties%2Bin%2B1780.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Map of North Carolina Counties in 1780" border="0" data-original-height="249" data-original-width="603" height="165" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-M8j7BxYMt0o/YE7tzcFSJZI/AAAAAAAAVCA/zZMFkti_gWAEgh0abzuWOeOe3PleiquawCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h165/nc%2Bcounties%2Bin%2B1780.jpg" title="Map of North Carolina Counties in 1780" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Click to make bigger</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><br />As always, when any of my ancestors moved large distances from their home, I wonder whether they ever went back home for a visit. There were likely letters to the people back home, because several of the books and articles I read referred to frequent letters from those Quakers in North Carolina back to relatives in Pennsylvania who returned them letters. In addition, traveling proselytizing Quaker speakers would carry messages from one family to another as they traveled. I do know that at least one of Stephen’s brothers followed him to North Carolina, and followed in his footsteps in more ways than one. <br /><br /> <br /><br />Stephen’s younger brother Enoch had helped Stephen’s family and the Carter family on the trip down to North Carolina. After he returned home, he sent a letter to Mary’s younger sister Edith telling her that he was home safe. The History and Genealogy of the Harland family includes a transcription of a letter from Edith Carter to Enoch dated July 28, 1766: </span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span> “Dear Friend Enoch, I send thee these few lines to let thee know that I am in good health at present and I hope thee art in the same state. Our parting was a trouble to me, neither do I ever expect to see thee again, but I hope the Lord will preserve us both, and my desire is for thy welfare as for my own. I received thy letter which I was glad to see, and to hear that thee had got safe home again to thy dear parents, which no doubt was a joyful sight to them. Thee says in thy letter that thou art free in mind to come here again but that thy mother is not free to part with thee. So I despair of ever seeing thee again. So, in that love that nothing but death can separate I bid thee farewell, farewell, from thy loving friend, Edith Carter. N. B. I desire thee to write a few lines to me. I now live at John Carter’s. Direct thy letter to Betty Harveys. I would be exceeding glad to see thee again.”<br /><br /> <br /><br />Stephen and Enoch’s mother died in 1767, and three years later, the minutes for the New Garden monthly meeting on November 23, 1769, noted that “Enoch Harlan, son of William, went to North Carolina without a certificate and married out of the Society. A testimony prepared against him to be read at London Grove preparative meeting and then sent to North Carolina.” From the New Garden monthly meeting minutes for December 2, 1769, “Enoch Harlan was disowned.” <br /><br /> <br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mojF-LLSy5I/YE7vQBrwumI/AAAAAAAAVCM/H6-4wxytywkD4BcR26gMusGDRPcZLKq7QCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Harlan%2BEnoch%2B7%2B6%2B1776%2BNew%2BGarden%2BMo%2BMtg%2BReadmittance.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="July 6, 1776 New Garden Meeting minutes, receiving Enoch Harlan into Society of Friends again eeting" border="0" data-original-height="1621" data-original-width="2048" height="316" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mojF-LLSy5I/YE7vQBrwumI/AAAAAAAAVCM/H6-4wxytywkD4BcR26gMusGDRPcZLKq7QCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h316/Harlan%2BEnoch%2B7%2B6%2B1776%2BNew%2BGarden%2BMo%2BMtg%2BReadmittance.jpg" title="July 6, 1776 New Garden Meeting minutes, receiving Enoch Harlan into Society of Friends again" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">July 6, 1776 New Garden Meeting minutes, receiving Enoch Harlan into Society of Friends again and resolving to recommend him to the Center Preparatory Meeting<br />Quaker Records, Ancestry.com</td></tr></tbody></table><br />[<br /><br />From the New Garden monthly meeting, July 6, 1776: “Enoch Harlan who was testified against by this meeting, in the year 1769, now residing in Guilford County North Carolina, having sent a request to be received again under care but not having sent any acknowledgment for his misconduct he was wrote to by direction of that meeting on that account and also to a Friend there requesting that he might be visited by them and an account of his disposition being sent to us and his acknowledgment being now received together with a few lines from Center Preparative Meeting in the said county signifying his orderly conduct of late, and their belief in his sincerity, both of which were read and the case solidly considered, and several Friends expressing their minds his offering is received, and Joshua Pusey is appointed to prepare a few lines recommending him to Center Monthly Meeting and bring it to the next meeting for approval." It was approved at the next meeting. With that certificate, Enoch was accepted back into the Society of Friends by the Meeting which had disowned him, and they recommended his admittance into the Center Monthly Meeting in North Carolina. <br /><br /> <br /><br />Enoch had married Edith Carter. The Harland history says that Enoch and Edith then moved to Randolph County, “where he rented and operated a sawmill and that he was a Cooper and a wagonmaker, and a good scholar for the day and was quite an astronomer” and he and Edith had at least 11 children. Since Stephen was described as a millwright in the family history, which was a specialist carpenter who designed, built, and maintained mills, including sawmills, I wonder whether he worked with his brother at the sawmill.<br /><br /> <br /><br />Stephen outlived his brother Enoch (dd 1794 of typhus) and many, if not all, of his other siblings; he also survived his wife Mary (dd 1824) and his daughter Margaret (dd 1825). Stephen died in 1830 in Randolph County, NC, USA, and was buried where his wife was buried in the Marlboro Friends Meeting Cemetery in Sophia NC. In his will, after directing that all his just debts be paid as quickly as possible after his death, he bequeathed one dollar ($1) each to his sons Stephen and Enoch and his daughters Elizabeth Kersey, Alice Robbins, Mary Morrison, and Edith Hill. He bequeathed to his daughter, Ruth Criscow his “featherbed and furniture thereto belonging.” He also bequeathed one dollar ($1) to his granddaughter Mary Bond, and he bequeathed to his grandson Stephen Criscow all his shop tools. Lastly, he stated that he wanted his daughter Ann Harlan to have his plantation [farm] during her natural life and that afterward, it was to return to his lawful heirs equally among them. He also left Ann all his household furniture (except the featherbed that went to Ruth).<br /><br /> <br /></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gfNjiOYWo5g/YE7yJLJ3bXI/AAAAAAAAVCk/iXckVLYyACA8QwOyvh0BWlcwvu3pmJ60gCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Harlan%252C%2BStephen%2Bwill%2Bp1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Will of Stephen Harlan, p.1" border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1493" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gfNjiOYWo5g/YE7yJLJ3bXI/AAAAAAAAVCk/iXckVLYyACA8QwOyvh0BWlcwvu3pmJ60gCLcBGAsYHQ/w291-h400/Harlan%252C%2BStephen%2Bwill%2Bp1.jpg" title="Will of Stephen Harlan, p.1" width="291" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Will of Stephen Harlan, p.1<br />Click to make bigger</td></tr></tbody></table><br /> <br /></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-46wQ-yz5NYs/YE7yvQhaL8I/AAAAAAAAVC0/Ub-oKF0RnAIn4iBarGggq6q_po8xlznlQCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Harlan%2BStephen%2Bwill%2Bp%2B2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Will of Stephen Harlan, p.2" border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1502" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-46wQ-yz5NYs/YE7yvQhaL8I/AAAAAAAAVC0/Ub-oKF0RnAIn4iBarGggq6q_po8xlznlQCLcBGAsYHQ/w294-h400/Harlan%2BStephen%2Bwill%2Bp%2B2.jpg" title="Will of Stephen Harlan, p.2" width="294" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Will of Stephen Harlan, p.2<br />Click to make bigger</td></tr></tbody></table><br />x<br /> <br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />*Note: Before 1752 England and its colonies used the Julian Calendar, in which the first day of the new year was March 25, and not the Gregorian Calendar (used today) in which the first day of the new year is January 1. While the Quakers followed the calendar commonly used by England, the Quakers designate months by numbers, such that in the Julian calendar First month (or 1st mo. or 1) was March. In writing dates in this essay that occur before 1752, I’ll state what the date would be in today’s calendar and then, in parentheses, I’ll include the date as I found it in the source used. [For a more in-depth explanation of the Julian calendar transition to the Gregorian calendar, and Quaker calendar see my post, <a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2020/01/dating-induced-headaches-for-family.html">Dating Induced Headaches for the Family Historian: Julian, Gregorian, and Quaker Calendars</a>.] <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />History and Genealogy of the Harland Family in America, and particularly of the descendants of George and Michael Harlan, who settled in Chester County PA, 1687, compiled by Alpheus Harlan (The Lord Baltimore Press 1914); Swarthmore College; Swarthmore, Pennsylvania; Minutes, 1746-1768; Collection: Philadelphia Yearly Meeting Minutes; Call Number: MR-Ph 339, U.S., Quaker Meeting Records, 1681-1935, Ancestry.com; <a href="http://sites.rootsweb.com/~quakers/quakdefs.htm">http://sites.rootsweb.com/~quakers/quakdefs.htm</a>; PENNSYLVANIA AS AN EAELY DISTRIBUTING CENTER OF POPULATION By WAYLAND FULLER DUNAWAY, Ph.D. The Pennsylvania State College, pp. 134-169, <a href="file:///C:/Users/Jo/Downloads/28222-Article%20Text-28061-1-10-20121204.pdf">file:///C:/Users/Jo/Downloads/28222-Article%20Text-28061-1-10-20121204.pdf</a>; Southern routes: Family migration and the eighteenth-century southern backcountry Creston S. Long College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences <a href="https://scholarworks.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3202&context=etd">https://scholarworks.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3202&context=etd</a>; Dunn’s Creek Monthly Meeting, <a href="http://jamestownmeeting.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ONCE-WE-WERE-FRIENDS-part-2.pdf">http://jamestownmeeting.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ONCE-WE-WERE-FRIENDS-part-2.pdf</a>; <a href="https://www.ncpedia.org/history/colonial/piedmont">https://www.ncpedia.org/history/colonial/piedmont</a>; North Carolina Quakers in the Era of the American Revolution by Steven Jay White, University of Tennessee – Knoxville <a href="https://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=2514&context=utk_gradthes">https://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=2514&context=utk_gradthes</a>; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_the_Regulation">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_the_Regulation</a>; <a href="https://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/bassett95/summary.html">https://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/bassett95/summary.html</a>; <a href="https://www.historyextra.com/period/georgian/who-regulator-movement-war-regulation-governor-tryon-battle-alamance-what-happened-outlander-real-history/">https://www.historyextra.com/period/georgian/who-regulator-movement-war-regulation-governor-tryon-battle-alamance-what-happened-outlander-real-history/</a>; <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Regulators-of-North-Carolina">https://www.britannica.com/topic/Regulators-of-North-Carolina</a> ; <a href="http://www.sonsofdewittcolony.org/mckstmerreg3.htm">http://www.sonsofdewittcolony.org//mckstmerreg3.htm</a> ; <a href="https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_randolph_county_regiment.html">https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_randolph_county_regiment.html</a>; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millwright">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millwright</a> ; <a href="https://www.history.com/topics/westward-expansion/conestoga-wagon">https://www.history.com/topics/westward-expansion/conestoga-wagon</a>; <span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Wills,
1663-1978; Estate Papers, 1781-1928 (Randolph County); Author: North Carolina.
Division of Archives and History; Probate Place: Randolph, North Carolina, North
Carolina, Wills and Probate Records, 1665-1998, Ancestry.com</span><br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="blogger-post-footer">© 2013 to present. Jo Allison Henn
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</div>Jo Hennhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17566276500934815959noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4967992205144808298.post-16476125778840602762021-01-01T02:05:00.000-05:002021-01-01T02:07:04.427-05:00William Harlan (1702-1783), Colonial Farmer, my 7th great grandfather<p> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-CSWQv6VIWGo/X-7Cfqjw8xI/AAAAAAAAU6I/WS3EM3ewD04Tp-bEY-IF4Tye4PpSv9wAwCLcBGAsYHQ/s2007/1770%2Bmap%2Bof%2BPA.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Climbing My Family Tree: 1770 Map of Pennsylvania Colony" border="0" data-original-height="1058" data-original-width="2007" height="211" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-CSWQv6VIWGo/X-7Cfqjw8xI/AAAAAAAAU6I/WS3EM3ewD04Tp-bEY-IF4Tye4PpSv9wAwCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h211/1770%2Bmap%2Bof%2BPA.jpg" title="1770 Map of Pennsylvania Colony" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A map of Pennsylvania exhibiting not only the improved parts of that Province, but also its extensive frontiers: Laid down from actual surveys and chiefly from the late map of W. Scull published in 1770; and humbly inscribed to the Honourable Thomas Penn and Richard Penn, Esquires, true and absolute proprietaries & Governors of the Province of Pennsylvania and the territories thereunto belonging.<br />From the Library of Congress<br />Click to Make Bigger</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Earlier this year I listened to a podcast by Amy Johnson
Snow titled “<a href="https://www.amyjohnsoncrow.com/perfectionism-genealogy/" target="_blank">Is Perfectionism Ruining Your Genealogy?</a>”
and have come to the conclusion that whether or not it was ruining my
genealogy, it was definitely contributing to the ruination of my family history
blog. That and the 2020 pandemic. It’s been a weird, stressful year. It turned
out that writing this blog takes up the same bandwidth in my brain that doing
my job does, and as my job was deemed essential, I never stopped working (first
from home when New York shut down and then we were called back to the office
well before other office workers were allowed to return) and I was so stressed
that I needed all that brain bandwidth for work. Now the coronavirus is far
worse in my area of New York than it was in the spring. But I’m going to try to
write more anyway, because of Amy’s podcast. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">This post is on William Harlan (1702-1783) and Margaret
Farlow Harlan (1703-1767), my seventh great grandparents. It won’t be as
detailed as some of my posts tend to be because I haven’t been able to find out all
that much about them, and whether that’s due to pandemic brain overload, or because there isn’t
that much to find out, I don’t know; but I’m locking my perfectionism in the
closet and proceeding anyway. As you might remember, I’m writing posts on this
part of the family history coming down the line as it will make it easier to
write about the history (in later posts – I don’t have much for this one). I’ve
already written about William’s father, Ezekial Harlan (1679-1731) [see <a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2020/03/ezekiel-harlan-1679-1731-quaker-yeoman.html " target="_blank">here </a>].<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pjB89Q2Of2U/X-7D-ehYpFI/AAAAAAAAU6U/t2ZvsKywCeMhExEdVUIKo17QcqzbYZBugCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Harlan%252C%2BWilliam%2Bbirth%2Brecord%2B1702.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Climbing My Family Tree: Birth record of William Harlan, born 5 November 1702" border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1426" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pjB89Q2Of2U/X-7D-ehYpFI/AAAAAAAAU6U/t2ZvsKywCeMhExEdVUIKo17QcqzbYZBugCLcBGAsYHQ/w279-h400/Harlan%252C%2BWilliam%2Bbirth%2Brecord%2B1702.jpg" title="Birth record of William Harlan, born 5 November 1702" width="279" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Quaker Birth record of William Harlan, born 5 November 1702 (9,1,1702*)<br />Click to Make Bigger</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">William Harlan was the only child of Ezekial Harlan, (1679-1731),
and his first wife Mary Bezer (1682-1702). He was born 5 November 1702 ( 9, 1,
1702)*. His mother died shortly after his birth in 1702. His father remarried
four years later to Ruth Buffington, and had six more children with her (Ezekiel,
born July 19, 1707 (5, 19, 1707), died 1754, married Hannah Oborn, December 23,
1724 (10, 23, 1724); Mary, born June 12, 1709 (4, 12, 1709), died June 7, 1750
(4, 7, 1750), married Daniel Webb, November 28, 1727 (9, 28, 1727); Elizabeth, born
July 19, 1713, died ?, married William White, August 8, 1728 (6, 8, 1728);
Joseph, born August 14, 1721, died ?, married Hannah Roberts May 21, 1740 (3,
21, 1740); Ruth, born March 11, 1723 (1, 11, 1723), died ?, married Daniel
Leonard, May 28, 1740 (3, 28, 1740); and Benjamin, born October 7, 1729, died
October 1752 (8 Mo. 1752), at sea, unmarried.] William was likely cared for by
his grandparents and his father until Ezekiel remarried, as Quaker families
were close and helped one another with the needs of daily living.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">After his father remarried, William lived with them in <span style="background: white; color: #111111;">Kennett in Chester County, on property
directly north of the Old Kennett Meetinghouse. Ezekial Harlan was a prosperous farmer.
William, and the other sons as they came along, would have helped on the farm clearing
and planting their land, and keeping their livestock</span>, and when the
weather was too cold, helping to repair tack and tools, and feed the animals. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">When he was twenty-two,
William married Margaret Farlow, born 1 November 1702, “Spinster”, also of
Chester County. Most of the sources I’ve seen indicate Margaret was born in
Ireland but don’t say where in Ireland. One source says she was born in Chester
County Pennsylvania. This is something I still need to nail down. I don’t know
who her parents are. Although the Quaker marriage record pictured below says
that William is the son of Ezekiel Harlan, it doesn’t indicate any parents for “Margrett”
Farlow. They lived for a few years in Kennett PA, near his parents, but
eventually moved to Marlborough Twp (which later divided and the part where his
lands were turned into West Marlborough Twp) in Chester County PA by 1732.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4oit9mSz1ig/X-7FKrwCnFI/AAAAAAAAU6g/6cUrtXeC74AHaA_s3z0j-Zbof_N80B9LwCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Harlan-Farlow%2Bmarriage%2Brecord.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1605" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4oit9mSz1ig/X-7FKrwCnFI/AAAAAAAAU6g/6cUrtXeC74AHaA_s3z0j-Zbof_N80B9LwCLcBGAsYHQ/w314-h400/Harlan-Farlow%2Bmarriage%2Brecord.jpg" width="314" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Quaker Record of William Harlan -Magrett Farlow marriage, 14 February 1725<br />Click to Make Bigger</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">William and Margaret had
nine children: Mary Harlan (bn 1722- dd ?, married William Moore 1742), William
Harlan (bn 1724- dd 1819, married Abigail Hollingsworth 1743), Jonathan Harlan
(bn 1726- dd 1774, married Elizabeth Webb 1749), Alice Harlan (bn 1730- dd
1797, married Richard Flower 1754), Sarah Harlan (bn 1732- dd 1775, married
Robert McMinn 1749),</span><b style="color: #111111; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> Stephen Harlan (bn 1740- dd 1830, married Mary Carter
1761)</b><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">, George Harlan (bn 1743- dd 1821, married Elizabeth Chandler 1768), and
Enoch Harlan (bn 1745- dd 1794, married Edith Carter 1769).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">While Quakers had originally
had a great influence on the formation of Pennsylvania’s government and social
culture, during the mid-1700s that influence began to wane as other groups practicing
other religions settled in the Pennsylvania colony. Additionally, the Quakers pacifistic
and egalitarian beliefs eventually led to their diminishing influence in the area, in part, because of their concern for the well-being of the Native Americans
in the area which became unpopular as more people expanded into the areas in which
the Native Americans lived and wanted them pushed out. Additionally, the
Quakers refusal to contribute to military activities and to pay taxes which
would support any military activity did not endear them to their neighbors
because they weren’t contributing to the local defense, and it kept them out of
participation in the American Revolution, except in certain isolated cases. Their
influence further waned as large numbers of Friends left Pennsylvania to move south
and west in search of new lands that could better support their families because
the Quakers had taken such a firm stand against slavery that they were no
longer able to economically compete with neighbors who used slave labor on
their farms and in their businesses.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In my research of the Harlan
line, I have found that the older sons tended to stay close to home their whole
lives and the younger ones tend to be the pioneers leaving and pushing further
into the new country. William was no exception; he, the first-born son, lived
his whole life in the county in which he was born. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iRMSnkSFA8Q/X-7Gh7LT2VI/AAAAAAAAU6s/1p4q683pCIIOKEzDNDmnxk_VETj2oE6kwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1700/1745%2BChester%2BCounty%2BTownship%2BMap_202007150639060180-page-001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1325" data-original-width="1700" height="311" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iRMSnkSFA8Q/X-7Gh7LT2VI/AAAAAAAAU6s/1p4q683pCIIOKEzDNDmnxk_VETj2oE6kwCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h311/1745%2BChester%2BCounty%2BTownship%2BMap_202007150639060180-page-001.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1745 Map of Chester County Pennsylvania Colony<br />Click to Make Bigger</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I don’t have any information
about the middle of his life when he and his wife made a family and raised
their children. After his marriage, the next information I found was of the
death of Margaret Farlow Harlan, through a record made by William
Harlan which read, “William Harlan son of Ezekiel and Mary Harlan was born the
first day of the ninth month 1702. Margaret my wife was born the first day of
the ninth month 1703, and departed this life the 12<sup>th</sup> of the sixth
month 1767, at 6 o’clock in the morning.” (See information on dates in the note at
bottom of post).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">According to the 1770 census, three years after
his wife’s death, William owned 250 acres, for horses, six cattle, 10 sheep, and
had one servant. He was 68 years old. In 1773, he served on a jury in the Court
of Oyer and Terminer, which was the Pennsylvania colony’s version of criminal
court. In the next two years, his son Jonathan and his daughter Sarah died, in
1774 and 1775 respectively. William lived nearly 10 years longer. He died 16
years after his wife on 22 October 1783. He left behind a will that was proved
in 1784. The inventory of his estate included such items as one walnut desk,
one case of walnut drawers, one feather bed and furniture part, three large
pewter bowls and six small pewter bowls, two large iron pots, one walnut table
& chest, two horses – one roan & one gray, one walnut cupboard &
one doz (possibly “servers”, I can’t quite read the handwriting here), one
poplar table.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7ilp4soHJRM/X-7Hc4Zbz1I/AAAAAAAAU60/LvFvx0bsHQMAuzcCcpAEypWbLOfCuTjQwCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Harlan%252C%2BWillian%2BEstate%2BInventory%2B1784%2Bcover%2Bpage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1325" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7ilp4soHJRM/X-7Hc4Zbz1I/AAAAAAAAU60/LvFvx0bsHQMAuzcCcpAEypWbLOfCuTjQwCLcBGAsYHQ/w258-h400/Harlan%252C%2BWillian%2BEstate%2BInventory%2B1784%2Bcover%2Bpage.jpg" width="258" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cover Sheet for<br /> Inventory of William Harlan's Estate<br />Click to Make Bigger</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br /><br /><br /><o:p></o:p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/--CJVDRhJtf4/X-7Hfgp0OaI/AAAAAAAAU64/yX4FNo3AZjcdkseHmPjBDB2lqenzQ-8agCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Harlan%252C%2BWillian%2BEstate%2BInventory%2B1784%2B%2Blist.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1376" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/--CJVDRhJtf4/X-7Hfgp0OaI/AAAAAAAAU64/yX4FNo3AZjcdkseHmPjBDB2lqenzQ-8agCLcBGAsYHQ/w268-h400/Harlan%252C%2BWillian%2BEstate%2BInventory%2B1784%2B%2Blist.jpg" width="268" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Inventory of <br />William Harlan's Estate<br />Click to Make Bigger</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The will of William Harlan<o:p></o:p></span></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I William Harlan of the Township of West
Marlborough in the County of Chester in the province of Pennsylvania being in a
Reasonable Measure of Health & Sound mind Praise be given to God for the
same & knowing the uncertainty of this Life do make Ordain Constitute &
appoint this my Last Will & Testament in manner & form following viz.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">It is my will that all my just debts &
funeral Expenses be paid by my Executor hereinafter named as soon after my Decease
as they conveniently can.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Item. I Give & Bequeath unto my Daughter Mary
Moore and her Heirs the sum of five Shillings Currant money of Pennsylvania. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I Give and Bequeath unto my son William Harlan
and his Heirs the Sum of five shillings currant money of Pennsylvania. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I Give and Bequeath unto my grandson Wm Harlan
(son of Jonathan Harlan Deceased) and his Heirs the Sum of five shillings currant
money of Pennsylvania. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I Give and Bequeath unto my son James Harlan
and his Heirs the Sum of five shillings currant money of Pennsylvania. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I Give and Bequeath unto my daughter Alice Flower
and her Heirs the Sum of five shillings currant money of Pennsylvania. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I Give and Bequeath unto my daughter Sarah
McMinn and her Heirs the Sum of five shillings currant money of Pennsylvania. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I Give and Bequeath unto my son Stephen Harlan
and his Heirs the Sum of 50 pounds currant money of Pennsylvania. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I Give and Bequeath unto my son Enoch Harlan
and his Heirs the Sum of 50 pounds currant money of Pennsylvania. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I Give and Bequeath unto my granddaughter (daughter
of Stephen Harlan) & her Heirs the Sum of five pounds currant money of
Pennsylvania. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I Give and Bequeath unto my son George Harlan
& his Heirs & Assigns all that plantation and tract of land thereunto
belonging whereon I now dwell situate in the Township of West Marlborough
aforesaid and I give & bequeath unto aforesaid son George Harlan all that
plantation & tract of land that I purchased of James Shields situate in the
Township of East fallow field the County aforesaid to him his heirs &
assigns forever. Also I give & bequeath unto him my said son George Harlan
and his heirs & assigns forever all that plantation and tract of land
called Brittlestown situate in the Township of East fallow field he paying all
my just debts and the above legacies and I do hereby make all the said three
palpitations & tracts of land liable and subject to the payment of all my
just debts and legacies aforementioned. All the rest residue & remainder of
my estate I give & bequeath unto my son George Harlan his heirs and assigns
forever. And I do hereby nominate constitute and appoint my said son George
Harland executor of this my last will and testament.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand
& seal this seventh day of 11<sup>th</sup> month in the year of our Lord
1700 & 74 William Harlan (seal) Nathan Hayes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Witnesses<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">William Davis.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">John Passmore.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The above will was proven February 19, 1784.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">“An inventory and appraisement of the effects
of William Harlan senior of West Marlborough in Chester County deceased this
FebY 4, 1784” and signed by James Hannum and Jacob Chandler placed the total at
55 pounds, 2 shillings, 6 pence.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-L2ZkJxjR47k/X-7Il-Qo9EI/AAAAAAAAU7I/6QB8y52BYdgYNnBsa9jsQ7kbEp2zpKk9ACLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Harlan%252C%2BWilliam%2BWill%2B1784%2B%25281783%2529%2Bp.%2B1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1397" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-L2ZkJxjR47k/X-7Il-Qo9EI/AAAAAAAAU7I/6QB8y52BYdgYNnBsa9jsQ7kbEp2zpKk9ACLcBGAsYHQ/s320/Harlan%252C%2BWilliam%2BWill%2B1784%2B%25281783%2529%2Bp.%2B1.jpg" /></a></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Xv4BXLgqgb0/X-7IpeSbhrI/AAAAAAAAU7M/fjcFzAAe438EXsD9AksqY78vGRKLC_YtwCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Harlan%252C%2BWilliam%2BWill%2B1784%2B%25281783%2529%2Bp.2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1621" data-original-width="2048" height="253" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Xv4BXLgqgb0/X-7IpeSbhrI/AAAAAAAAU7M/fjcFzAAe438EXsD9AksqY78vGRKLC_YtwCLcBGAsYHQ/w320-h253/Harlan%252C%2BWilliam%2BWill%2B1784%2B%25281783%2529%2Bp.2.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Click to Make Bigger</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><o:p></o:p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in; padding: 0in;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">*Note:
Before 1752 England and its colonies used the Julian Calendar, in which the
first day of the new year was March 25, and not the Gregorian Calendar (used
today) in which the first day of the new year is January 1. While the Quakers
followed the calendar commonly used by England, the Quakers designate months by
numbers, such that in the Julian calendar First month (or 1<sup>st</sup> mo.
or 1) was March. In writing dates in this essay that occur before 1752, I’ll
state what the date would be in today’s calendar and then, in parentheses, I’ll
include the date as I found it in the source used. [For a more in-depth
explanation of the Julian calendar transition to the Gregorian calendar, and
Quaker calendar see my post, </span><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2020/01/dating-induced-headaches-for-family.html" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="background: white; color: #538135;">Dating Induced
Headaches for the Family Historian: Julian, Gregorian, and Quaker Calendars</span></a><span style="background: white; color: #111111;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">.] </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in; padding: 0in;"><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">History and Genealogy of the Harland Family in America, and
particularly of the descendants of George and Michael Harlan, who settled in
Chester County PA, 1687, </span></i><span style="color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">compiled by Alpheus Harlan (The Lord Baltimore Press 1914); </span><i><span style="color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Immigration of the Irish Quakers in Pennsylvania, 1682-1750,
with their early History in Ireland,</span></i><span style="color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> by Albert
Cook Myers, member of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania (The Author,
Swarthmore PA 1902); <a href="https://www.southernchestercountyweeklies.com/news/the-many-quaker-meetinghouses-of-chester-county/article_db570d2d-e806-5dc3-a313-6e0b36998a32.html">https://www.southernchestercountyweeklies.com/news/the-many-quaker-meetinghouses-of-chester-county/article_db570d2d-e806-5dc3-a313-6e0b36998a32.html</a>;
Title: Wills 3440-3554; Ancestry.com. Chester County, Pennsylvania, U.S.,
Estate Papers, 1714-1838 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com
Operations, Inc., 2013 (Original data: Pennsylvania. Chester County. Estate
Papers, 1700–1820. Gale Cengage Learning. Microfilm, 85 rolls. Chester County
Archives, West Chester, Pennsylvania); </span><span style="background: white; color: #181a1c; font-family: "Source Sans Pro",sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%;">Swarthmore College; Swarthmore, Pennsylvania; </span><em style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: "Source Sans Pro",sans-serif; font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Births and Deaths, 1686-1739</span></em><i><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">; Collection: </span></i><em style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: "Source Sans Pro",sans-serif; font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Philadelphia
Yearly Meeting Minutes</span></em><i><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">; Call Number: </span></i><em style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: "Source Sans Pro",sans-serif; font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">MR-Ph 267</span></em><em><span style="font-family: "Source Sans Pro",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> ;</span></em><span style="background: whitesmoke; color: #181a1c; font-family: "Source Sans Pro",sans-serif;">
</span>Swarthmore College; Swarthmore, Pennsylvania; Marriages, 1718-1821;
Collection: Philadelphia Yearly Meeting Minutes; Call Number: MR-Ph 265; <a href="http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/portal/communities/pa-heritage/our-first-friends-early-quakers.html">http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/portal/communities/pa-heritage/our-first-friends-early-quakers.html</a>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p><div class="blogger-post-footer">© 2013 to present. Jo Allison Henn
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</div>Jo Hennhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17566276500934815959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4967992205144808298.post-53858682552071358442020-03-10T00:22:00.000-04:002020-03-10T00:28:12.301-04:00Ezekiel Harlan (1679-1731), Quaker, Yeoman, and Land Speculator<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">My eighth great-grandfather was the oldest son of George
Harland and Elizabeth Duck, who I wrote about in January. He was born in the
Parish of Donaghcloney, County Down, Ireland. He was only eight years old when
his parents brought their family to the Pennsylvania colony in 1687. He had
eight younger siblings, the first three of which were also born in Ireland and
made the long journey to America with Ezekiel, his parents, and his uncle
Michael. For a listing of his sisters and brothers, please see the post on his father,
<a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2020/01/george-harlandharlan-1650-1714-quaker.html" target="_blank">HERE</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">A word about the dating used in this post before I continue
with the story. <span style="background: white; color: #111111;">Before 1752
England and its colonies used the Julian Calendar, in which the first day of
the new year was March 25, and not the Gregorian Calendar (used today) in which
the first day of the new year is January 1. While the Quakers followed the
calendar commonly used by England, the Quakers designate months by numbers,
such that in the Julian calendar First month (or 1<sup>st</sup> mo. or 1)
was March. In writing dates in this essay that occur before 1752, I’ll state
what the date would be in today’s calendar and then, in parentheses, I’ll
include the date as I found it in the source used. [For a more in-depth
explanation of the Julian calendar transition to the Gregorian calendar, and Quaker
calendar see my post, </span></span><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2020/01/dating-induced-headaches-for-family.html" target="_blank"><span style="background: white; color: #538135; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Dating Induced
Headaches for the Family Historian: Julian, Gregorian, and Quaker Calendars</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">.] <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now on with the story of Ezekiel Harlan!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The main Irish ports from which ships sailed to William
Penn’s new Colony were Cork and Waterford. Although while vessels did sail
directly from those Irish ports, more often people took passage in ships which
sailed from Whitehaven, Liverpool, or Bristol, in England, which then stopped
at the Irish ports for passengers and cargo on the way. Philadelphia was the
main port of entry in America from Ireland, but many settlers landed at Newcastle,
on the Delaware River, and some at points in Maryland and Virginia. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The voyage from Ireland to the American colonies was a long
one, ranging from six weeks to three months depending on the weather and sea conditions. Ships were often driven far off course by contrary
winds and carried as far south as the West Indies. Additionally, dangerous
diseases, such as smallpox, frequently occurred, and many passengers died at
sea. George Harland and his wife Elizabeth (Duck) saw this new land as such a
new hope and opportunity that they chose to risk their young family, children
aged 4 to 8 years, in the hold of one of these ships for the long voyage to
Pennsylvania. The Harlans landed and settled in Newcastle (and dropped the
final “d” from their last name). Newcastle was then the largest city in the
lower three counties of Pennsylvania (which later became the state of
Delaware).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The first monthly meeting of friends in Pennsylvania
occurred in January 1681/2, five or six years before the Harlan family arrived,
thus the monthly meetings were well established when the family arrived. The
congregations of the Quaker meetings<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>already in Pennsylvania, especially the Philadelphia monthly meeting,
took special care of new immigrant Friends, welcoming them and advising them as
to where to settle, and often giving needed financial assistance, especially in
the payment of passage money, lending the new immigrants the money to pay the
bill the ships master charged to bring them to the colony, or buying out their
debt and taking them into service to work out their redemption. Once the immigrants
chose their land and secured title, the family would quickly move to their
chosen land so that their efforts in settlement will be well underway by the
time winter season began.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Xoj3utEjQKs/Xmb_d9vmUcI/AAAAAAAAQzc/7te7QQyjKuM8YsEMOquERloLQfIoqCtQQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/OurFirstFriendstheEarlyQuakersPhila.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="The Landing of William Penn, by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris (1863-1930), depicting Penn's arrival at New Castle." border="0" data-original-height="345" data-original-width="500" height="275" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Xoj3utEjQKs/Xmb_d9vmUcI/AAAAAAAAQzc/7te7QQyjKuM8YsEMOquERloLQfIoqCtQQCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/OurFirstFriendstheEarlyQuakersPhila.jpg" title="Climbing My Family Tree: The Landing of William Penn, by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris (1863-1930), depicting Penn's arrival at New Castle." width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Landing of William Penn, by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris (1863-1930), depicting Penn's arrival at New Castle.<br />In the Public Domain</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The Harlans initially settled on the west side of
Brandywine Creek, in the Christiana Hundred in Newcastle when Ezekiel was eight
or nine years old. The Christiana Hundred was one of the original Hundreds
created in 1682 and was named for the Christiana River that flows along its
southern boundary. A Hundred was an old English term for a portion of land,
like a County, was governed by a particular administrative or legal body. As
they were joining an already existing community, there were neighbors within a
reasonable distance to help and to provide more security than going further
inland by themselves. In the summer they attended the Newark meeting at
Valentine Hollingsworth’s house and, in the winter, because travel was treacherous,
they were allowed to hold meetings in the homes of their own community. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The whole family would have worked together to clear the forest
on their land to build a house. The first dwelling built by new immigrants to
the land was often a log cabin built from the trees they felled in order to
make the clearing in which to build the cabin. It was built of long logs placed
horizontally upon one another and notched together at the corners. The spaces
between the lots were filled in or kinked with stones or wedges of wood and
then plastered over with mortar or clay. The roof was covered with boards or
all shingles, either pinned by wood wooden pins or held in place by weight
timbers. A huge stone fireplace and chimney were built into one side of the
house to be used for cooking and heat. The English and Irish Quakers made their
log houses square not rectangular. As a family became more settled, and
survived the first winter, with crops harvested and re-planted, they added a
second floor. As they became more prosperous, the families would also build a
larger and more comfortable in addition to the house of brick or stone. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A log house built, about 25 years later, in
1715, by Ezekiel’s younger brother Joshua still stands in Kennett Township,
Chester County, PA and is on the National Register of Historic Places. See the
picture below of Joshua’s house.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uIAvYKrkVjY/XmcCORtYjmI/AAAAAAAAQ0g/ONBNPutvjcI9OA4OKil3aCP2yrFkXcHCwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/1024px-Harlan_Cabin_Summer%2Bbuilt%2B1715%2Bwith%2B1815%2Baddition.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uIAvYKrkVjY/XmcCORtYjmI/AAAAAAAAQ0g/ONBNPutvjcI9OA4OKil3aCP2yrFkXcHCwCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/1024px-Harlan_Cabin_Summer%2Bbuilt%2B1715%2Bwith%2B1815%2Baddition.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Joshua Harlan's Log House, 26' x 26', built 1715, with 1815 19' x 15' stone addition.<br />Near Kennett Square, Kennett Twp, Chester County, Pennsylvania, USA, about a half-mile west of Fairville.<br />Smallbones / CC0 </td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">George Harlan moved his family about ten miles up the creek
further into Pennsylvania to Kennett Township in Chester County Pennsylvania in
1698 after buying 470 acres of land up there. Ezekiel was 19 at the time of
that move. The move would’ve been done with packhorses as there were no real
roads and a wagon would not make it through the forest, even along the creek
bank. The women and children and farm and household effects were loaded on the
packhorses, with the men traveling on foot, leading the horses and driving
their animal herds and flocks along before them. Again, they cleared land and
built a new home.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In the summer months George and his sons, including Ezekial,
were busy clearing and planting their land, and keeping their livestock. In
winter, if it was too cold or stormy for outside work, the male members of the
family would do such tasks indoors as making shoes for the family, repairing
horse tack, heating iron over the fire and berating it into farming or
household implements, and making household furniture and utensils. The women of
the household were even busier than the men. They would help the men in the
fields and in caring for the animals, but also did the cooking for the family,
washed dishes and clothes, made butter, made candles and soap and clothes, sewed
quilts, picked, carded, and spun wool and flax, knit, worked in the kitchen
garden, and had babies and cared for the children.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The produce and handicrafts of the farm were carried to
Philadelphia, Chester, or Newcastle, on horseback to be sold in markets or
fairs or exchanged for goods the household could not make themselves. They also
met and socialized with other Quakers on these trips.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Despite the difficulty in travel the Friends
visited with each other regularly at harvests and huskings, barn and house
raisings, weddings and funerals, and at the twice weekly meetings on First-day
and Fifth-day. Quakers also met for quarterly and yearly business meetings that
brought in Friends from distant areas, which led to more socializing. The
Quarterly Meetings lasted for several days.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Yearly Meeting for the Harlans’ area of Pennsylvania and Delaware,
as well as parts of New Jersey and Maryland, was held in Philadelphia for a week
or more each year. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The twice weekly Meetings were very important in a Quaker’s
life for worship and quiet socializing. At the meeting, the congregation sat on
hard, unpainted, un-cushioned benches, with women on one side and the men on
the other. After some moments of silent worship, from the raised seats in the
gallery facing the body of the meeting [congregation] where the ministers and
elders sat, a minister would stand and give a spiritual message. Often the
speaker was a travelling friend from England, Ireland, or other distant places.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1700, when Ezekiel was 21 years of age, he married Mary
Bezer (in the below record, Mary Bazer), by ceremony of Friends at the Concord Monthly Meeting in what is now
Delaware County Pennsylvania. Her family had come to the colony in 1683 when
she was only 1-year-old, settling in the area of that Meeting. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ezekial Harlan & Mary Bazer, Marriage Intention, <br />13 Jan 1700 (the 13th of the 11th month 1700)<br />Minutes of Concord Monthly Meeting, Delaware PA</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Quakers required that marriage took place within the auspices
of the meeting; it was not something to engage in lightly or quickly. Companionship
and friendship were viewed as the proper base of a marriage. Romance was not
condemned but was conditioned upon a shared devotion to God. Men and women
chose their own spouses after months of corresponding and visiting. Parents
could not force their children into marriage. However, a man and woman were
required to have the approval of parents and their meetings to marry. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To do this, the two first appeared before the
local women’s meeting. The records show the two chose the Concord Meeting that Mary
attended. The women’s meeting appointed
two people to meet with the couple separately to question them to ensure that
neither of them were already married, were non</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">‐</span><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Quakers, or were otherwise unsuitable spouses.
Friends believed that the wife and husband should be supportive of the other’s
spiritual growth. Both partners were also expected to be capable of
contributing to their household and to raise their children as Quakers. If the
couple were found to be “clear of all entanglements” they were allowed to marry
according to the good order of Friends. The couple then had to appear at at
least two Men’s Meetings to declare their Intent to Marry before obtaining
approval to do so. These early Friends did not believe that a priest or
magistrate, or even a Quaker meeting, could perform a marriage. Only God could
do that. Marriages took place in a silent meeting where the man and woman rose
and affirmed their commitment to each other before God. Those present signed a
certificate witnessing that the marriage had actually taken place. Careful
records of witnesses were kept so courts would recognize the marriage and the
legitimacy of the children in it, to avoid later challenges to inheritance.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ezekiel and Mary had only one child, <b>William</b>, my
seventh great-grandfather, who was born 1 Nov 1702 (9, 1, 1702) , died 22
October 1783, m. 14 Feb 1721 (12, 14, 1721). Unfortunately, Mary died shortly
after his birth, in 1702 in Christiana Hundred, New Castle, Pennsylvania.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Four years later, in 1705/6, Ezekiel married Ruth
Buffington in a ceremony of Friends. They had six children: Ezekiel, born July
19, 1707 (5, 19, 1707), died 1754, married Hannah Oborn, December 23, 1724 (10,
23, 1724); Mary, born June 12, 1709 (4, 12, 1709), died June 7, 1750 (4, 7,
1750), married Daniel Webb, November 28, 1727 (9, 28, 1727); Elizabeth, born
July 19, 1713, died ?, married William White, August 8, 1728 (6, 8, 1728);
Joseph, born August 14, 1721, died ?, married Hannah Roberts May 21, 1740 (3,
21, 1740); Ruth, born March 11, 1723 (1, 11, 1723), died ?, married Daniel
Leonard, May 28, 1740 (3, 28, 1740); and Benjamin, born October 7, 1729, died
October 1752 (8 Mo. 1752), at sea, unmarried.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ezekiel and Ruth lived in Kennett in Chester County, on
property directly north of the Old Kennett Meetinghouse. The Old Kennett
Monthly Meetinghouse was built in 1710 by Ezekiel Harlan, on land deeded from
William Penn. The bicentennial history for the old Kennett meetinghouse states
that he “must have” conveyed the land for the meetinghouse, but the deed had
been lost. Ezekiel was described in a few sources as a farmer and a land
speculator. He dealt in lands throughout Chester County and adjoining counties.
He was appointed constable for the Township in 1706. In 1715, he was the
heaviest taxpayer in the Township, paying 12 shillings and sixpence, or
approximately six days wages for a skilled tradesman. 12 shillings and six pence
appear to be about double what most of the other people listed in the record
paid that year. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I lost him for about fifteen years after that. But in 1731,
he went to England, regarding what most sources described as “tradition holds
was business in connection with his father’s estate.” Before he left for
England, in an abundance of caution, he drafted his will. This was a tradition before
any long sea voyage. He survived the sea-crossing to England, but while there,
he contracted smallpox and died, at age 51, on 15 June 1731 (15 of 4 mo. 1731).
He was buried two days later near Bunnhill Fields, in Devonshire, England.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-h_MudFdwkKA/XmcNWMLI_EI/AAAAAAAAQ04/eWqJ-DZufhcfS3IZj2kIQpKmLxV4qWLMwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Will%2Bof%2BEzekiel%2BHarlan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1408" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-h_MudFdwkKA/XmcNWMLI_EI/AAAAAAAAQ04/eWqJ-DZufhcfS3IZj2kIQpKmLxV4qWLMwCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/Will%2Bof%2BEzekiel%2BHarlan.jpg" width="351" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Will of Ezekiel Harlan, signed 14 Nov 1730. Probated 31 Jan 1732.<br />(found in PA Wills and Probate Records, 1683-1993, Collection on Ancestry.com)</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The Will of Ezekiel Harlan (transcription)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In the name of God Amen. I Ezekiel Harlan of the County of
Chester in the province of pennsivania in America Yeoman being in reasonable health
of body and of perfect mind and memory Thanks be to God for the same and being
about to take a voyage into old England and Calling to mind the uncertainty of
this life for the settling of my Temporal affairs I do make and ordain this my
last Will and Testament in manner and form following that is to say first
committing my soul to God I will order and appoint my boddy to be buried in a Decent
matter at ye Discretion of my Executrix hereinafter mentioned and Touching such
Worldly Estate and Substance were with God has Blessed me I give and appoint
and bequeath to my son William Harlan the sum of five Shillings and to my son
Ezekiel Harlan the sum of five shillings and my daughter Mary the wife of
Daniel Webb the sum of five Shillings and to my daughter Elizabeth the wife of
William White the sum of five Shillings and my sons Joseph and Benjamin Harlan
and to their heirs and assigns forever I Give and Bequeath Five hundred acres
of land to be equally divided between them share and share alike that is to say
250 acres each to be laid out at the direction of my executrix hereinafter
named which said Five hundred acres of land is to be part and parcell of the Tact
of Land which I now Dwell upon and to my daughter Ruth Harlan the sum of Fifty
pounds Current money of pennsilvania or the value in goods at the market price
and in any case any of my last mentioned three children viz Joseph, Benja, and
Ruth should happen to Dye before they attain the age of Twenty one yeares or
marry then and it is my will that the share or shares of each Child or Children
so dying shall be Equally Divided between the survivor or survivors of them and
my Executrix Share and Share alike.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Item I give and Bequeath unto my Dear and well Beloved wife
Ruth Harlan the remaining part or parcel of my plantation or tract of land on
which I now dwell after the said Five hundred acres is laid out to my two sons
Joseph and Benjamin in the manner aforesaid Together with all my personall Estate
of what kind or sort soever in order the better to Enable her to pay and
satisfy all my just Debts and funeral expenses and towards bringing up
maintaining and Educating of my children during their minority and lastly do a
ordain constitute and appoint my dear and well beloved wife Ruth Harlan soul
executrix of this my last will and Testament here by Revoking and making void
all other and Former Will or Wills heretofore made or published by me.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal
this Fourteenth day of November in the year of our Lord God one thousand seven
hundred and Thirty.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Signed Sealed <span style="mso-tab-count: 8;"> </span>Ezekiel
Harlan. (Seal)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">and published in the<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Presence of<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Joseph Robinson.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">William Webb Junior<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Wm Henderson.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">An inventory of Ezekiel Harlan’s goods, filed January,
1/31/32, and signed by Joseph Gibbons and James Taylor, places the value of his
worldly effects at the time of his death at 208 pounds 17 shillings. Appraised on
February 1, 1743/44, and signed by Jno. Marshall, Benjamin Taylor and Samuel
Sellars, the amount of the estate which passed to his widow, Ruth, amounted to
182 pounds, 19 shillings, six cents. In the report of the Executrix filed on 5
May 1734 by Ezekiel’s widow, Ruth Harlan, she listed 37 people to whom money
was paid in the administration of the will. Ruth outlived Ezekiel by about twelve years. She died before 2 Feb 1743, which is when her will was probated. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The Will of Ruth Harlan (transcription)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Be it known to all men by these presents that I Ruth Harlan
of Kennett in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and forty-three
being sick & weak of body but of sound and perfect Disposing mind &
memory do make and ordain this my Last Will & Testament in manner and form
following that is to say first and principally when it shall have pleased
Almighty God to call my Soul to his mercy that my Boddy be Decently interred at
the Discretion of my Executors hereinafter named, and in the next place my will
mind an order is that all my just Debts and funeral expenses shall be paid and
discharged as soon as possible after my decease And after all my Just Debts and
funeral expenses are paid and discharged I do devise and bequeath unto my son
Ezekiel Harlan of West Marlborough in the said county and province the sum of Five
shillings to be paid to him or his assigns within one year after my decease.
Also I Devise and Bequeath unto my son Joseph Harlan of Kennett aforesaid the
sum of Five shillings to be paid under him or his assigns within one year after
my decease and also I Give and Bequeath unto my son Benjamin Harlan the sum of Five
shillings to be paid under him when he shall have arrived at the age of 21
years. Allso I Devis and bequeath unto my daughter Mary Webb & relict of
Daniell Webb Late of Kennett deceased the sum of Five pounds to be paid to her
or her heirs within one year after my decease. Allso I devise & Bequeath
unto my said daughter Mary Webb my sattin Gown to be delivered to her
immediately after my decease. Allso I devise and bequeath unto my daughter
Elizabeth White my Gown made of wool & worsted and my quilted Petticoat and
the Remainder of my wearing apparrall l I give Devise and Bequeath to my
daughter Ruth the wife of Daniel Leonard. Allso I get devise and bequeath the wooll
of my sheepe to be Equally divided between my two Daughters namely the
above-mentioned Elizabeth White the wife of William White and Ruth the wife of
Daniel Leonard. Allso I give devise and Bequeath unto my said daughter Ruth
Leonard the seventeen acres of Land by me reserved out of the Lands left me by
my husband Ezekiel Harlan Deceased & the House where I now Dwell & allso
the orchard and a piece of Meadow called the Calf Passture & a piece of Wood
Land at the Discretion of my executors so that the whole of the land in orchard
Meadow Ground Woodland &c shall not exceed Seventeen acres To hold to the said
Ruth Leonard during her Natural Life and after her decease I Give devise and
bequeath the seventeen acres of Land & Premises above-mentioned to my son
Benjamin & his heirs and Assigns forever, and the Remainder or Overplus of
my Estate after my Just Debts funeral expenses & the above mentioned Legacies
are paid and discharged I do Will in order to be Equally Divided between my two
above mentioned Daughters, namely, Elizabeth White and Ruth Leonard.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Also my will mind and desire is that my son Benjamin be put
to apprentice in a Convenient Time after my Decease to my Brotherinlaw Charles
Turner of Birmingham untill he be the age of Twenty years to learn the Trade
and art of Cordwainer & I do hereby constitute and appoint my son Ezekiel
Harlan above-mentioned to be the sole Executor of this my Last Will and
testament and my soninlaw* William Harlan of West Marlborough aforesaid to be Overseer
& Trustee for the performance thereof but without the power of admintr
except in case it shall so happen my son Ezekiel shall die before he shall have
accomplished and fulfilled the performance of his Administration & Executorship
to this my Last Will & Testament.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">And I do hereby revoke Disallow & make void all and all
manner & other and former Wills & Testaments by me heretofore made,
hereby ratifying and confirming and declaring this and no other to be my Last Will
& Testament.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In witness whereof together with the publication hereof I
have hereunto set my hand and seal the day in the year first above written.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">JOSEPH TAYLOR. Her mark.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Witnesses: John Walker. RuTH X Harlan. (Seal)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Thomas Worrall. Mark<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">proved February 2, 1733/4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">*"soninlaw" is now called stepson<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<h4 style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: top;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Quaker meeting records, 1681-1935, ancestry.com,
Provo, Utah, USA; </span><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Estate Papers, 1713-1810; Author: Chester County (Pennsylvania). Register of Wills; Probate Place: Chester, Pennsylvania, </span><span style="font-weight: normal;">collection at Ancestry.com, Provo, Utah, USA; <i>Wills Proved at Philadelphia 1682-1692</i>, pp.
51-52. No. 14, John Bezer, Publication of the Genealogical Society of
Pennsylvania, Volume 1, 1896, No. 2; <i>History and Genealogy of the Harland
Family in America, and particularly of the descendants of George and Michael
Harlan, who settled in Chester County PA, 1687, </i>compiled by Alpheus Harlan
(The Lord Baltimore Press 1914); <i>The History of Chester County,
Pennsylvania, with genealogical and biographical sketches</i>, by J. Smith Futhey
and Gilbert Cope (Philadelphia, Louis H. Everts 1881); <i>Immigration of
the Irish Quakers in Pennsylvania, 1682-1750, with their early History in
Ireland,</i> by Albert Cook Myers, member of the Historical Society of
Pennsylvania (The Author, Swarthmore PA 1902); Bi-centennial of Old Kennett
Meeting House, Kennett Township, Chester Co., Pa., seventh day, ninth month,
twenty-fourth (Walter H Jenkins, 15<sup>th</sup> and Cherry Streets,
Philadelphia); The History of the Society of Friends in America, Vol. II: Pennsylvania
and New Jersey, by James Bowden (London: W & F.G. Cash, 1854); <a href="https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/currency-converter/#currency-result">https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/currency-converter/#currency-result</a><span class="MsoHyperlink">; </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Kennett_Meetinghouse">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Kennett_Meetinghouse</a><span class="MsoHyperlink"> ; </span><a href="https://www.southernchestercountyweeklies.com/news/the-many-quaker-meetinghouses-of-chester-county/article_db570d2d-e806-5dc3-a313-6e0b36998a32.html">https://www.southernchestercountyweeklies.com/news/the-many-quaker-meetinghouses-of-chester-county/article_db570d2d-e806-5dc3-a313-6e0b36998a32.html</a><span class="MsoHyperlink">; </span><a href="http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/portal/communities/pa-heritage/our-first-friends-early-quakers.html">http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/portal/communities/pa-heritage/our-first-friends-early-quakers.html</a></span></h4>
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<br /><div class="blogger-post-footer">© 2013 to present. Jo Allison Henn
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</div>Jo Hennhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17566276500934815959noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4967992205144808298.post-12993294598136203342020-01-23T03:27:00.002-05:002020-02-29T23:42:58.073-05:00George Harland/Harlan, 1650-1714, Quaker Yeoman Farmer<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wql60rC9gps/XilKO4auxLI/AAAAAAAAQgk/gKgcVMDCB90b5XP5k-WVN9yhibKYGTqcACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Harlan%252C%2BKennet%2BMonthly%2BMeeting%2BRecord.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="815" data-original-width="1600" height="203" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wql60rC9gps/XilKO4auxLI/AAAAAAAAQgk/gKgcVMDCB90b5XP5k-WVN9yhibKYGTqcACLcBGAsYHQ/s400/Harlan%252C%2BKennet%2BMonthly%2BMeeting%2BRecord.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Kennett Monthly Meeting, Pennsylvania, record of baptism of George Harlan<br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">George Harland, my 9<sup>th</sup> great grandfather, was the
second son of James Harland, a yeoman* and a member of the Episcopal Church in
Bishoprick, nigh Durham, England. James was born around 1625, and lived his
entire life in that area of England. While he was likely married, I have no
idea who his wife was as only James is listed in the baptism record of his
three sons, Thomas, George, and Michael -- I don’t know if there were any other
children in the family. Thomas was born about 1649 (m (1). Katharine Bullock
[?-1690], April 7, 1680 (7, 2 mo, 1680) by ceremony of Friends at Sego, Armagh,
Ireland; m. (2) Alice Foster [?-1702], Armagh, Ireland, dd. ?). George was the second
son, born in approximately 1650 and baptized on March 11, 1650 ** (11 First
1650) in the Episcopal Church; And Michael born about 1653 (m. Dina Dixson in
Pennsylvania, dd. 1728). All three brothers were baptized in at the Episcopal
Church at Monkwearmoth, Durham, England.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-M0bfcKs8G1g/XilNtnHzvrI/AAAAAAAAQgw/sQMsr3Vo3KMsdhZdPsxn39cwYV8T9y3XQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/St%2BPeter%2527s%2BChurch%2B%2526%2BMonkwearmouth%2BMonastery%2B%2528674%2BAD%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Climbing My Family Tree: St. Peters Church & Monkwearmouth Monastery, built 675 AD. Public Domain." border="0" data-original-height="591" data-original-width="1027" height="230" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-M0bfcKs8G1g/XilNtnHzvrI/AAAAAAAAQgw/sQMsr3Vo3KMsdhZdPsxn39cwYV8T9y3XQCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/St%2BPeter%2527s%2BChurch%2B%2526%2BMonkwearmouth%2BMonastery%2B%2528674%2BAD%2529.jpg" title="St. Peters Church & Monkwearmouth Monastery, built 675 AD. Public Domain." width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">St. Peters Church & Monkwearmouth Monastery, built 675 AD. Public Domain.<br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">George lived with his parents in Bishoprick, nigh Durham,
England until he reached adulthood. When he reached adulthood, he and his
brothers moved, with some others, to County Down, Ireland. I have been unable
to find anything that says definitively whether he converted to Quakerism while
in England or after he moved to Ireland. I know that he was a member of the
Quaker meeting in Ireland. However, the move to Ireland would make sense if
they had converted to Quakerism while in England.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The Religious Society of Friends (commonly known as the Quakers),
was founded by George Fox around the time that George Harland was born. By
1660, it is estimated there were 50,000 Quakers in England. Among the new and
radical spiritual beliefs held by the Quakers were that a direct experience
with God was available to all people without mediation through hired clergy;
that God could move anyone to speak and that all Christians could and should be
ministers, including women, but they had no official pastors or priest; and
that the sacraments were purely spiritual and they did not take physical
communion with wine and bread or baptize with water. These views were not
popular with either Catholic or Protestant clergy. The Friends also annoyed
civil authorities and the upper classes with their belief in the equality of
all. The Quakers lived this belief by refusing to use honorifics in addressing
others (addressing all simply by their name), refusing to salute others, and
refusing to remove their hats before a social superior among other things. They
also refused to take oaths, because they believed people should always tell the
truth, which left the King doubting their loyalty since they refused to swear
fealty to him. Additionally, the Quakers refused to pay tithes to the established
church, which were required of all people.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The century before the establishment of the Quakers was a
time of religious conflict between Catholics and Protestants, starting with
Henry VIII’s creation of the Church of England and split from the Catholic
Church, because he wanted to get divorced, and followed by alternating
Protestant and Catholic monarchs who, supported by the Church of England (also known
as the Anglican Church), encouraged persecution of religions other than their
own, and culminating in the Thirty Years War and the English Civil War both of
which were rooted in religious differences. It was not a time of religious tolerance.
Between 1661 and 1664, Parliament passed a series of laws which basically made it
illegal to be a practicing Quaker. For the next two decades Quakers were
heavily persecuted, while they persevered in practicing their faith. Fox stated that there were seldom less than a
thousand Quakers imprisoned during these years (total imprisoned 13,562, plus
338 deaths and 200 deported as slaves to the West Indies); Fox himself spent
five years in jail.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">Quakers had been moving to Ireland since the
1650s, trying to escape the persecution by the Anglican church and Parliament,
with a second wave occurring in the 1670’s. <span style="background: white;">The first Quaker meeting in Ireland
was held in Lurgan, in County Armagh, in 1655. It’s quite possible that </span>George
Harlan and his brothers chose to move to the Lurgan area because they knew of
the number of Quakers already in the area. <span style="background: white;">They moved to County Down, probably to the Parish
of Donaghcloney, which immediately abuts
the neighboring parishes of Shankill and Seagoe in County Armagh in northern
Ireland (at that point Ireland was unified, northern is just a geographical
description). While I don’t know exactly when George moved to Ireland, I know
he was there by 1678.</span><span style="background: white;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">While living in County Down, George Harlan met
Elizabeth Duck, of Lurgan, who was 10 years younger than him having been born
in 1660. Elizabeth and George married, by ceremony of Friends, on November 27,
1678 (twenty seventh day of ninth month, 1678), in the house of Marke Wright,
in the parish of Shankill, County of Armagh. Present among the witnesses was
George’s brother Thomas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Quaker Marriage Record for Geoge Harland & Elizabeth Duck (Nov 27, 1678)<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Part 1 -Transcription of<br />
Quaker Marriage Record for Geoge Harland & Elizabeth Duck (Nov 27, 1678)<br />
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Quaker Marriage Record for Geoge Harland & Elizabeth Duck (Nov 27, 1678), witnesses.<br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">George and Elizabeth had nine children, the first four of
which were born in Ireland: <b>Ezekiel</b> [b. August 16, 1679 (6, 16, 1679); d. June 15,
1731 (4, 15, 1731); m. Mary Bezer and Ruth Buffington]; Hannah [b. April 4,
1681 (2, 4, 1681); d. ?; m. Samuel Hollingsworth]; Moses [b. February 20, 1683,
(12, 20, 1683); d. 1747; m. Margaret Ray]; Aaron [b. December 24, 1685 (10, 24,
1685); d. November 1732 (9 mo. 1732); m. Sarah Heald].<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">In
moving to Ireland, George did not escape the official persecution of Quakers
which also spread to Ireland. Many Quakers in the area had their goods and
crops confiscated, or were imprisoned, for nonpayment of tithes to the Church
of Ireland or other “failures to conform”. We know that George refused to pay
the required tithe to the Church. The “tithe”, was essentially a church tax and
was to be a tenth of one’s income; it was the main source of income for the
official Church. Quakers objected to the tithe on two levels, believing in
their own practices that spiritual guidance and worship should be free, and,
believing that as non-Anglicans they should not have to support the Anglican
Church. Because George refused to pay the required tithe, the government
forcibly seized what they determined to be an equivalent amount of his crops in
lieu of payment. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Noted in A Great Cry of
Oppression by William Stockdale, in 1680, “George Harland, of County Down had
taken from him in Tithe, by Daniel MacConnell, twelve stooks and a half of
oats, three stooks and a half of barley, and five loads of hay, all worth ten
shillings and ten pence." At
FindMyPast(.)com I found the original Quaker Meeting record of that
confiscation. I also found that George was subject to nearly yearly
confiscations. In 1682, George Harland “had taken from him for a tithe by
Thomas Usher & Donald McConnol four loads of hay, sixteen stooks and a half
of wheat & twenty-four stooks of oats, all worth one pound thirteen
shillings six pence.” In 1683, he “had taken from him for tithe by Donnoll Mark
Connoll and Johns Spont, fishmongers, two loads of hay out of his hay fields,
worth two shillings.” In 1684, George “had taken from him by Hugh MacConnoll
for the said priest, one stook, two sheafs of [?], eighteen stooks, nine sheafs
of oats, two stooks and a half of barley, and two loads of hay. All worth 15
shillings, four pence. All on account of tithe which for conscience’s sake they
could not pay.” I’ve no reason to believe the tithe confiscations ceased in
1684 but these are the records that remain. It had to be aggravating to lose so
much of his farming labor’s product every year to a support religion of which
he was not a member. I don’t know whether he was ever imprisoned for his refusal
but if he had been it could explain why there are no more confiscation records
for the next two years.</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wheat sheaves near King's Somborne, England arranged into a stook.- Trish Steel [<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0" target="_blank">CC BY-SA</a> ]</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">About
this time George would have heard about William Penn’s new colony,
Pennsylvania, in the New World. In 1681, King Charles II gave over 45,000
square miles of his American land holdings to Penn to pay the debts the king
owed to Penn's deceased father, and in 1682 Penn obtained from the Duke of York
both a 10,000 year lease and an absolute deed of Feoffment (sale of real
property) for the town of New Castle and a 12-mile circle around it, and a
10,000 year lease and an absolute deed of Feoffment for all of the land south
of the twelve mile circle down to Cape Henlopen. This land included the
present-day states of Pennsylvania and Delaware. Penn planned to found a colony
based on Quaker principles, a "Holy Experiment" as he called it, and implementing
a new form of more egalitarian government. The colonial government, established
in 1682 by Penn's Frame of Government, consisted of an appointed governor, the
proprietor (William Penn), a 72-member Provincial Council, and a larger
representative Provincial Assembly. Starting in 1681 broadsheets promoting the
venture were distributed widely at Quaker meetings in Ireland. Quakers began
moving to the colony. As more people
moved to the Colony, letters from the pioneers were sent home to Ireland, describing
their life in America, were passed around at Quaker Meetings. The idea of a new
start in a friendly land led George and Michael Harlan to think that their
future lay across the ocean in the New World. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Some
Irish Quakers went out to Penn’s Colony as indentured servants, selling
themselves into temporary servitude usually for about four years in order to
pay the costs of their transportation to Pennsylvania. Some, known as redemptioners,
made agreements with the shipmaster to be sold after their arrival. The
redemptioners could not be sold out of Pennsylvania without their free consent
given before a judge. At the end of their service, if their behavior had been
good, they received a suit of clothes, a set of tools for the field in which
they were engaged, and a sum of money. Those that came over with the first
purchasers of land in the colony were allowed by Penn to receive fifty acres of
land at a rent, paid to Penn, of a half-penny per acre per year. Due to harsh
treatment and dissatisfaction with the conditions of servitude, the
redemptioners often ran away, and newspapers of the time were full of
advertisements of rewards for the return of their indented servants, and much
of the business of the provincial courts was hearing complaints of masters and
servants. Unlike the redemptioners, the Harland brothers had enough money to
purchase land in Penn’s colony before they left Ireland, but there are
indications that George employed indented servants in his household in the New
World. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Province of PA - No machine-readable author provided. <br />Kmusser assumed (based on copyright claims). [<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5" target="_blank">CC BY-SA</a>]</span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">In
early 1687, George Harland, his wife, his four eldest children, and his brother
Michael left from Belfast on a ship for Pennsylvania (his brother Thomas
remained in Ireland). In 1686, George had bought lands in the southeastern
corner of Pennsylvania, known as the Lower Three Counties, in an area now
belonging to New Castle, Delaware. Other land in the area was bought at that
time in the name of his father James, and brother Thomas, although neither ever
moved to America. They settled on the west side of the Brandywine Creek in the
Christiana Hundred section of Newcastle county, near the current town of
Centerville. After moving to Pennsylvania, George and his brother dropped the D
from their last name. Here, George and Elizabeth had five more children:
Rebecca [b. October 17, 1688 (8, 17, 1688); d. October 17, 1775 (8, 17, 1775);
m. William Webb]; Deborah [b. October 28, 1690 (8, 28, 1690); d. ??; m. Joshua
Calvert]; James [b. October 19, 1692 (8, 19, 1692); d. ??; m. Elizabeth <u>??</u>]; Joshua [b. January 15, 1696 (11,
15, 1696); d. July 1744 (5 Mo. 1744); m. Mary Heald]. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Initially, they belonged to and, in the Summer, attended
the Newark Meeting in the Lower Three Counties. However, George and his family were
too far from the Newark Meeting for regular and punctual attendance, especially
in the winter, given the dangerousness of fording the river and made a request
on behalf of his neighbors and himself for a Meeting beyond the Brandywine to
be established for that reason; the formation of the Centre Meeting was granted
in what is now Centerville, New Castle county, Delaware but was then the
southeastern corner of Pennsylvania. For several years they held a meeting in homes
in their community, often at George Harlan’s home. George was put on a committee with Thomas
Hollingsworth, Alphonsus Kirk, and Samuel Groves “to take the oversight of the
building of ye Centre Meeting House requesting ye with all convenient speed to
let out ye work to some workmen in order it may be more speedily done and
return an acctt to ye next meeting how they proceed.” However, the Meeting
House was not built until 1711.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1695, George Harlan was elected to the Provincial
Assembly from New Castle County. Provincial Assembly elections were held
annually in colonial Pennsylvania, and Assembly representatives were elected to
serve a one year term. When William Penn formed the colony’s government, he
created the Frame of 1682, which described a parliament consisting of two
houses. The upper house, or the Provincial Council, consisted of 72 members who
were the first fifty purchasers of 5,000 acres or more in the colony and had
the exclusive power to propose legislation. They were also authorized to
nominate all officers in church and state and supervise financial and military
affairs through committees. The lower house, or the Provincial Assembly,
consisted of smaller landowners. It had no power to initiate legislation but
could accept or reject the council's legislative proposal only. However, in the
first meeting of the Assembly the Frame of 1682 was voted down. When the Assembly
convened in 1682, the Assembly sought to enlarge its role and insisted that it
be granted to power to initiate legislation, as it demanded when it rejected
the Frame of 1682. A compromise frame of government, called the Frame of 1683,
was eventually approved by the Assembly. It provided that all laws should be
passed "by the Governor and the freemen in Council and Assembly met",
and granted the governor a right to approve or veto. This 1683 Frame of
Government was still in effect when George served his term as the
representative from Newcastle county in 1695.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In about 1698, George bought 470 acres of land further up
the Brandywine Creek, and moved his family and settled in Kennett Square,
Chester County, Pennsylvania (the area is now in Pennsbury Township, Chester
County, Pennsylvania). While living there, George’s neighbors were a settlement
of Native Americans who lived across the river in the “Great Bend” of the
Brandywine River. After the Native Americans abandoned their settlement, he obtained,
in 1701, a grant of 200 additional acres of land in the Bend, which was given
to him for the “charge great trouble and cost he had born” in fencing and
maintaining the fence for the Native Americans while living there. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; text-align: start;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Map of Chester County Quaker Meeting Houses<br />Click to make bigger</span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1712 George was again elected to the Provincial Assembly,
this time from Chester County. This time the Assembly was more powerful than it
had been during his last term. A new Frame of Government called the <a href="https://www.ushistory.org/documents/charter.htm" target="_blank">Charter of Privileges</a> was granted in 1701. It permitted Assembly members certain privileges,
liberties, or powers, never before granted by Penn, most particularly, the
power to enact legislation. Penn had been called back to England and was afraid
of the possibility of a takeover of his proprietary colony by the Crown, and reasoned
that his colony could defend itself with this new power. Another provision
elevated much of the Assembly’s power to that of the governor and judiciary,
creating a tripartite government. The governor’s role was reduced to management
status, but still retained veto power while the Provincial Council was reduced
to an advisory body to the governor. Additionally, as of 1704, the Lower
Counties of Pennsylvania had withdrawn from the state and formed their own
state of Delaware.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">On the first day of March 1713 (1, 1, 1713), George Harlan
deeded 203 acres to his son-in-law, William Webb, husband of daughter Rebecca,
for a consideration of 30 pounds. On the ninth day of the same month, for
“consideration of the natural affection and fatherly love which he hath” and
“for divers other good causes and valuable considerations” he deeded 200 acres
each to his sons James and Joshua. George died in July 1714 (Fifth Month 1714).
The date of death of his wife, Elizabeth, is not known, but I know she died
before he did, because in his will he requested that he be buried beside his
“deare wife in the new burying grounds.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">George left a will, dated April 20, 1714 (twentieth day of
the second month called Aprill in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred
& ffourteen) and an inventory was done of his property prior to
distribution according to its terms. These documents give a good insight into
the living conditions of a prominent Quaker family of the time. The will is how
I learned that he had an indented servant. In it, he says that he “give[s] unto
my servant woman named Mary Matthews <i>at the expiration of her time</i> one
cow & calf & one young mare not less than three years old.” That’s a
generous bequest that would help her set up her own household when the time
came that her term of indenture was complete. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Transcription of Will of George Harlan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2f5597; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I George Harlan of Brandywine Creek and in the Township of Kennett
and the County of Chester in the province of Pennsylvania, Yeoman. Being weak
at this time in body but of sound and disposing mind and memory & calling
to mind the certainty of Death & the uncertainty of the time thereof doe
make & ordain this my last will & Testament in manner & form
following, that is to say, first I yield my soul into the hands of Almighty God
as unto a faithful Creator hoping through the merits sufferings resurrection
& mediation of my blessed Savior Jesus Christ to find mercy &
forgiveness with complete salvation & my body to be buried by my dear wife
in the new bearing place on Alphonsus Kirk’s land at the discretion of my
executors hereinafter named. Also my will is that all my just debts and funeral
expenses be fully paid and discharged. Also I give unto my son Aaron my clock
& my great brass cattle. Also I give unto my brother Michael Harlan the
young Susquehanna mare. Also I give unto my servant woman named Mary Matthews
at the expiration of her time one cow & calf & one young mare not less
than three years old. And lastly I make nominate & appoint my sons Ezekiel
& Erin Harlan executors of this my last will & testament & also
appoint my brother Michael Harlan aforementioned & my son Samuel Hollingsworth
trustees & assistance to my executors aforementioned in the performance
& accomplishment of this my last will & testament. Also my will is that
after my debts legacies bequests & expenses of words that are fully paid
and satisfied that what shall then remain of my movable & personal estate
if any so there be then it shall be equally divided between all my children
sons & daughters share & share alike. In witness thereof I have two
this my set will set my hand & seal this one & 20<sup>th</sup> day of
the second month called April in the year of our Lord 1714 George Harlan (seal)
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2f5597; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">signed sealed & published & declared by the testator George
Harlan to be his last Will & Testament in the presence of us who have
subscribed our names as witnesses here unto his presence. Daniel McFarson, Nathan
Maddock, Thomas Pierson [proven 8 Mo. 2, 1714]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PI3Vgd4kZag/XilWpupSnFI/AAAAAAAAQiQ/rVAfIKSHKSscAZyitfc116ESnpd7oSkHQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Harland%2BGeo%2BInventory%2B1714%2Bfrom%2Bbook_LI.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="The transcribed inventory of George Harlan's estate, from History and Genealogy of the Harland Family in America, and particularly of the descendants of George and Michael Harlan, who settled in Chester County PA, 1687, compiled by Alpheus Harlan (The Lord Baltimore Press 1914)" border="0" data-original-height="528" data-original-width="732" height="287" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PI3Vgd4kZag/XilWpupSnFI/AAAAAAAAQiQ/rVAfIKSHKSscAZyitfc116ESnpd7oSkHQCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/Harland%2BGeo%2BInventory%2B1714%2Bfrom%2Bbook_LI.jpg" title="The transcribed inventory of George Harlan's estate, from History and Genealogy of the Harland Family in America, and particularly of the descendants of George and Michael Harlan, who settled in Chester County PA, 1687, compiled by Alpheus Harlan (The Lord Baltimore Press 1914)" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; text-align: start;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The transcribed inventory of George Harlan's estate, from <br /><i>History and Genealogy of the Harland Family in America, and particularly of the descendants of George and Michael Harlan, who settled in Chester County PA, 1687</i>, compiled by Alpheus Harlan (The Lord Baltimore Press 1914)<br />Click to make bigger</span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 107%;">* In 17<sup>th</sup> & 18<sup>th</sup> century England,
a yeoman was a free man who lived in the country and owned his own land and
farmed but was not gentry – sort of equivalent to the middle class today). In 18<sup>th</sup>
& 19<sup>th</sup> century America a yeoman was a non-slaveholding, small
landowning, independent, family farmer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 107%;">** I’ve seen a lot of trees on Ancestry(.)com referring to
George’s baptism date as January 11, 1650, relying on the same record I do, a
Quaker record from later in his life from the Philadelphia Meeting, in which
his baptism is noted as 11 First 1650. As I explained in the last post (<a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2020/01/dating-induced-headaches-for-family.html" target="_blank">Dating Induced Headaches for the Family Historian: Julian, Gregorian, and Quaker Calendars</a>), before 1752 in England, the Julian Calendar was in use,
not the Gregorian Calendar which is currently used today nearly everywhere, and
in the Julian Calendar, the first day of the year was March 25. Further, while
the Quakers followed the calendar commonly used in the British Isles, the
Quaker Calendar had its own quirks. For the Quakers, who designated months by
numbers, First month (or 1<sup>st</sup> mo.) was March. In writing dates, I’ll
state what it would be in today’s calendar and then, in parentheses, I’ll
include the date as I found it in the source used.<span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> I apologize for the spacing changes. Every time I tried to fix it it got worse. I gave up.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Quaker meeting
records, 1681-1935, ancestry.com, Provo, Utah, USA; History and Genealogy of
the Harland Family in America, and particularly of the descendants of George
and Michael Harlan, who settled in Chester County PA, 1687, compiled by Alpheus
Harlan (The Lord Baltimore Press 1914<span style="color: #7030a0;">)</span>;
Marriage Record, quicker records collection at FindMyPast(.)com, Ireland,
Society of Friends “Quaker” marriages, Ulster Friends Trustees, LTD, marriage,
1674-1750, Ireland, Society of Friends (Quaker) marriages, Life Events (Birth,
Marriage, Death), Parrish Marriages, Ireland; “A Great Cry of Oppression” by
William Stockdale (London 1693); <i>The History of Chester County,
Pennsylvania, with genealogical and biographical sketches, by J. Smith Futhey
and Gilbert Cope </i>(Philadelphia, Louis H. Everts 1881); <i>Immigration of
the Irish Quakers in Pennsylvania, 1682-1750, with their early History in Ireland,</i>
by Albert Cook Myers, member of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania (The
Author, Swarthmore PA 1902); <i>The Quakers in America</i>, by Thomas D Hamm,
The Columbia Contemporary American Religion Series (Columbia University Press
New York 2003); <i>The History of the Hunt Family by Roger D Hunt</i>
(copyright 2011) (<a href="http://family.beacondeacon.com/the-history-of-the-hunt-family-by-roger-d-hunt-2011-at-www-k7mex-com-books-HuntBookComplete.pdf">http://family.beacondeacon.com/the-history-of-the-hunt-family-by-roger-d-hunt-2011-at-www-k7mex-com-books-HuntBookComplete.pdf</a>);
<i>Quakers in Delaware in the Time of William Penn </i>by Herbert Standing (<a href="http://nc-chap.org/church/quaker/standingDH3crop.pdf">http://nc-chap.org/church/quaker/standingDH3crop.pdf</a>);
<i>Quakers in Great Britain 1650s-1750s</i> (<a href="https://haygenealogy.com/hay/quaker/quaker-GB.html">https://haygenealogy.com/hay/quaker/quaker-GB.html</a>)
; Stook (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stook">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stook</a>);
YM Sufferings c. 1665-1693, for 1680, 1682, 1683, and 1684, YM-G1, Religious
Society of Friends in Ireland Archives, Findmypast.com; “<i>Early Relations
between Pennsylvania and Delaware</i>” by The Hon. Richard S. Rodney, John
Moll, and William Penn, The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography,
Vol. 54, No. 3. pp 209-240 (1930) (found on JSTOR.org); <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frame_of_Government_of_Pennsylvania">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frame_of_Government_of_Pennsylvania</a>
; Charter of Privileges <a href="https://www.ushistory.org/documents/charter.htm">https://www.ushistory.org/documents/charter.htm</a></span><div class="blogger-post-footer">© 2013 to present. Jo Allison Henn
If you would like to use anything featured on this post for non-commercial purposes, please credit and link back to this blog. If you wish to use any of the material on this site for other means, please seek the written permission of Jo Allison Henn (email address is on Contact Me page).
</div>Jo Hennhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17566276500934815959noreply@blogger.com12tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4967992205144808298.post-61695761733741492752020-01-01T20:31:00.000-05:002020-02-03T23:57:34.001-05:00Dating Induced Headaches for the Family Historian: Julian, Gregorian, and Quaker Calendars<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-64ecG1aXGjw/Xg1CtU2WkeI/AAAAAAAAQYw/uptoVHFfLyQwP7NvGl-PYncnk-Mm5cROQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/calendar-660670_1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-64ecG1aXGjw/Xg1CtU2WkeI/AAAAAAAAQYw/uptoVHFfLyQwP7NvGl-PYncnk-Mm5cROQCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/calendar-660670_1920.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Calendar image from Pixabay.com</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Did you know that January 1 wasn’t always the first day of
the year?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Did you know that Europe and Great Britain and their
colonies used different calendars for several centuries?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Did you know that while the Quakers followed the English
calendar tradition, they had their own way of expressing dates, since they did
not approve of the commonly used names of the months and days in the calendar?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Do you have any idea of how hard this can make the job of
the family historian in figuring out whether the person they are researching is
their ancestor? For instance, if I knew the death date of the man I was
researching was 12 months before the birth of a particular child, I would normally
feel safe in the concluding he was not the potential father of that child;
however, if it was before 1752 in England or its colonies it might not be
impossible at all. For example, if the man died on March 24, 1650 and the child
was born March 25, 1651, that isn’t twelve months apart; that child was born
one day after the man died! In another example, trying to determine the
probable birthdate of my ancestor, based on a gravestone that lists his death
date and his age at death, “87 years, nine months, and six days” will differ
depending on whether the given ancestor is from Germany or from England, and I
have to remember to apply the differences to be as accurate as I can be. In
fact, I may have to re-look at all my earlier German-born ancestors when I get
back to that part of the family tree in my research plan because I did not know
this when I was researching them. I learned it when trying to figure out the Quaker
dating system for the branch of my tree I’ll be writing about next, which is
rooted in England, Ireland and the British colonies. But before I try to explain
the Quaker dating system, I have to go into a little history first.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pvm6wpf9g5k/Xg1DUxM-4HI/AAAAAAAAQY4/8_SaEvx9uO4zW7UC303HDslahy8twuqqwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/512px-Retrato_de_Julio_C%25C3%25A9sar_%252826724093101%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="903" data-original-width="512" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pvm6wpf9g5k/Xg1DUxM-4HI/AAAAAAAAQY4/8_SaEvx9uO4zW7UC303HDslahy8twuqqwCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/512px-Retrato_de_Julio_C%25C3%25A9sar_%252826724093101%2529.jpg" width="226" /></a></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Julius Ceasar bust in the Museum of Antiquities, Turin Italy [Public domain]<br />via Wikimedia Commons,<br />photo by <a href="https://www.flickr.com/people/8146925@N08" target="_blank">Ángel M. Felicísimo</a> from Mérida, España, <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en" target="_blank">CC by 2.0</a> </span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: large;">In ancient times, each major culture or civilization at its
own calendar, each with their own problems. I’m not going into them as it is
really complex and they are not really relevant to this discussion. However, in
46 BC, in an attempt to fix problems with the calendars already in use then, Julius
Caesar ordered the Roman Empire to follow a calendar consisting of 12 months
based on a solar year because he wanted a calendar that better reflected the
planting and harvesting seasons of the largely agricultural economy in the Empire
at that time. The calendar was used by all of the Empire, which eventually
consisted of England and most of Europe. This Julian calendar was pretty much
like the calendar we have today with a 12-month year equaling 365 days, the
days having 24 sixty-minute hours each (with each minute being 60 seconds long)
and divided into seven-day weeks. An extra day was added every fourth year.
While the Julian calendar originally began the year on January 1, after the
fall of the Roman Empire in the fifth century, the calendar was gradually
aligned with to coincide with important Christian festivals. By the ninth
century, parts of Europe began observing the first day of the year on March 25,
the Feast of the Annunciation (a celebration of the day that the angel Gabriel
informed Mary that she would become the mother of the Messiah); the last day of
the year was March 24. This new alignment spread throughout Europe and the British Isles over the next couple centuries with England adopting it in the 12<sup>th</sup>
century.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-H9TPiF-loo0/Xg1EBSO3RgI/AAAAAAAAQZE/CgMl1mVFOFA8-2uYZVrpHEivpY4TQCgzgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Pope%2BGregory%2BPapal%2BBull.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Climbing My Family Tree: Cover of Pope Gregory's Papal Bull, in the Public Domain" border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="331" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-H9TPiF-loo0/Xg1EBSO3RgI/AAAAAAAAQZE/CgMl1mVFOFA8-2uYZVrpHEivpY4TQCgzgCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/Pope%2BGregory%2BPapal%2BBull.jpg" title="Cover of Pope Gregory's Papal Bull, in the Public Domain" width="275" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Cover of Pope Gregory's Papal Bull, in the Public Domain</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: large;">However, there was also a problem with the Julian calendar,
in that it was about 11 minutes too long, which doesn’t sound like much but this
slight inaccuracy added one day every 128 years. By the middle of the 16<sup>th</sup>
century, the Julian calendar was about 10 days ahead of the natural events it
was originally based on, including equinoxes, and some church holidays, like Easter, were not occurring in the proper
seasons. In October 1582, Pope Gregory issued a papal bull (declaration)
implementing a correction of the Julian calendar in which 10 days were dropped
from October that year and the method of calculating leap years was changed in
such a way as to prevent calendar drift. Additionally, January 1 was made the
first day of the new year. The Gregorian calendar is the calendar we use today.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">The change to the Gregorian calendar was adopted immediately
by Catholic countries. But Protestant countries (including England and its
colonies), which did not recognize the authority of the Pope continued using
the Julian calendar. Spain, Italy, the Netherlands, France, Portugal,
Luxembourg, Poland, and Lithuania adopted Pope Gregory’s new calendar that
year. Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Hungary, and Prussia followed suit within
fifty years. But England had split from the Catholic Church only 50 years before Pope
Gregory’s declaration and was determined not to bow to the Catholic
rule; England held out for almost two centuries. (Some countries held out longer than England:
Russia adopted it in 1918 and Greece adopted in 1922.)</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eUCIeiEZmkk/Xg1FJPwSsxI/AAAAAAAAQZQ/EI_liqo6pCUu86ZVgSIkiCTANi57NDurwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Reforma_Gregoriana_del_Calendario_Juliano%2B1st%2BGregorian%2BCalendar.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Climbing My Family Tree: Lunario Novo, Secondo la Nuova Riforma della Correttione del l'Anno Riformato da N.S. Gregorio XIII, printed in Rome by Vincenzo Accolti in 1582, one of the first printed editions of the new calendar. Public Domain" border="0" data-original-height="1161" data-original-width="801" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eUCIeiEZmkk/Xg1FJPwSsxI/AAAAAAAAQZQ/EI_liqo6pCUu86ZVgSIkiCTANi57NDurwCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/Reforma_Gregoriana_del_Calendario_Juliano%2B1st%2BGregorian%2BCalendar.jpg" title="Lunario Novo, Secondo la Nuova Riforma della Correttione del l'Anno Riformato da N.S. Gregorio XIII, printed in Rome by Vincenzo Accolti in 1582, one of the first printed editions of the new calendar. Public Domain" width="275" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lunario Novo, Secondo la Nuova Riforma della Correttione del l'Anno Riformato da N.S. Gregorio XIII, printed in Rome by Vincenzo Accolti in 1582, one of the first printed editions of the new calendar. Public Domain</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: large;">So between 1582 and 1752, there were two calendars in use in
Europe and Great Britain, and their respective colonies. Moreover, because the
Gregorian calendar was used in significant portions of Europe, those people in
Great Britain and its colonies who were aware of the difference in calendars took
to dating their documents with both dates between January 1 (the new New Year’s
Day) and March 25 (the old New Year’s Day) to avoid misinterpretation, in a
system known as “double dating”. The dates were usually indicated as February
14, 1650/1 or February 14, 1650-51. The first few times I saw dates like that
on documents, before I was aware of this issue, I thought that the recordkeepers
weren’t sure what year the thing had occurred and were giving approximate
dates, not that they were being careful to clarify exactly when something
occurred under two different legal calendar systems. As you might imagine, this
caused difficulty for people who had business with other countries, and they
put pressure on the English government to change to the Gregorian calendar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Finally, Philip Stanhope, the Earl of Chesterfield, on 25
February 1750/1, introduced into the House of Lords an “Act for Regulating the
Commencement of the Year and for Correcting the Calendars Now in Use”. The bill
passed through Parliament and was signed by George II in May 1851. By this time,
the calendar drift had grown to 11 days, and the bill provided that Wednesday,
September 2, 1752, was to be followed by Thursday, September 14, 1752, and for
New Year’s Day to move from March 25 to January 1 as was already the case in
Scotland. In England and Wales, the legal year 1751 was a short year of 282
days, running from March 25 to December 31. 1752 began on January 1. Because 11
days were eliminated from September, the year 1752 was also a short year (355 days). (If
anyone ever tries to tell you that something occurred on September 10, 1752,
now you know that they are trying to con you as that date did not exist!}</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QgSoBB4l1HA/Xg1FsjZkJSI/AAAAAAAAQZY/zaD6sQp9dyYUhScwZE73Q5NZkaxaH7ouwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/minus%2B11%2Bdays%2Bin%2BSeptember.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Climbing My Family Tree: Page for September, in a 1752 Almanac" border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="401" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QgSoBB4l1HA/Xg1FsjZkJSI/AAAAAAAAQZY/zaD6sQp9dyYUhScwZE73Q5NZkaxaH7ouwCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/minus%2B11%2Bdays%2Bin%2BSeptember.jpg" title="Page for September, in a 1752 Almanac" width="266" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Page for September, in a 1752 Almanac</span> </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-size: large;">In telling family history stories, it becomes necessary to
know when the country I’m looking at converted to the Gregorian calendar and
whether I must convert dates between the Julian calendar and the Gregorian
calendar to figure out the ages of ancestors or just to make a story clear. If
you are related to me or have worked with me, you know my math skills are not
optimal. Fortunately, I don’t have to do that. I am eternally grateful to
Stephen P Morse of San Francisco who has put a <a href="https://stevemorse.org/jcal/julian.html" target="_blank">One-Step Julian to Gregorian Conversion Calculator </a>on the Internet. The same page also has a section where you can enter a
specific country from a drop-down list and be given the date they changed from
the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar. (I have used his other webpages
for years; he’s got a lot of very helpful one-step calculators and search
tools. To explore them, click on the “my other webpages” button at the top of
the calendar conversion page I linked above.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">One warning for family historians researching in early North
America before I turn to the Quaker calendar. We need to be aware that certain groups
in the early colonies of North America had already adopted the Gregorian
Calendar before 1752, even in British controlled territory, and were using it
in their civic and church records. The Dutch settlers along the Hudson River in
New York and northern New Jersey were already using the Gregorian Calendar when
they first came to America in the 1620s since most of Holland had been using
the Gregorian calendar since 1583, and after 1660, when the English took over
the Dutch colonies, the Dutch people were allowed to stay and keep their way of
life. Civil and church recorders of the Dutch towns continued the use of the
Gregorian Calendar, even though the British governed their settlements and had
not adopted the Gregorian Calendar yet. In addition, Palatine German settlements,
and some German Lutherans also used the Gregorian calendar as it had been in
use in their home countries before they moved to the North American continent.
Also, any French, Spanish, or Portuguese colony or settlement would have been using
the Gregorian calendar from approximately 1582.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FO3WKr-v2q0/Xg1GnpSZp4I/AAAAAAAAQZk/BU9SN3Jj3bU4NI5D2kY1t1zDzXQ2J9F5gCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Quaker%2BEpistle%2B1751.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Climbing My Family Tree: Epistle sent by the London Yearly Meeting for Sufferings in 1751" border="0" data-original-height="845" data-original-width="590" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FO3WKr-v2q0/Xg1GnpSZp4I/AAAAAAAAQZk/BU9SN3Jj3bU4NI5D2kY1t1zDzXQ2J9F5gCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/Quaker%2BEpistle%2B1751.jpg" title="Epistle sent by the London Yearly Meeting for Sufferings in 1751" width="278" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Epistle sent by the London Yearly Meeting for Sufferings in 1751</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Now to the Quakers! Quaker dates can be confusing because the
Quakers use numbers in their dating system and not month names, and because there
was no official day on which every Quaker switched to the Gregorian calendar. The
Quakers used a numbering system because they objected to the names of the
months and the names of the days of the week in the English calendar because
they were based on pagan gods. For them, Sunday was First Day, Monday was
Second Day, Tuesday was Third Day, Wednesday was Fourth Day, Thursday was Fifth
Day, Friday was Sixth Day, and Saturday was Seventh Day. Until 1752 they had no
problem with September through December as month names, because those names
were derived from numbers, but after 1752 all months were referred to by
Quakers by their number. They sometimes
used Roman numerals for this (i -xii) and sometimes used Arabic numerals
(1-12).</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">In recording dates, in early meeting records the Quakers
usually wrote the dates in year, month, day order, or 1687, 9th mo. [or ix], 28th
day. After they made the change to the Gregorian calendar, they generally
recorded dates in day, month, year order, or 28, 9th mo. [or ix], 1780. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Since the Quakers use a numbering system for their dates, I
had to know which calendar they were using in order to know to which month they
were actually referring, which sometimes meant reading quite a bit of the
document in order to try to figure out from other dated events which calendar
was in use. Pre-1752, First Month was
March, Second Month was April, Third Month was May, Fourth Month was June, Fifth
Month was July, Sixth Month was August, Seventh Month was September, Eighth Month
was October, Ninth Month was November, Tenth Month was December, Eleventh Month
was January, and Twelfth Month was February. Starting in 1752, First Month
refers to January, Second Month refers to February, Third Month refers to
March, and so on. Fortunately, Rebecca Borden has done a handy chart for
converting Quaker months to English months before and after 1752 (Julian &
Gregorian calendars) and put it both on her own blog and as a post for the
ancestry.com blog: <a href="https://blogs.ancestry.com/ancestry/2014/05/22/quaker-calendars-dates-in-just-two-days-tomorrow-will-be-yesterday/" target="_blank">Quaker Calendars and Dates: In Just Two Days, Tomorrow Will Be Yesterday</a>.
I printed it off and have used it so much in researching this branch of my
tree!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">In the course of writing my upcoming blog posts, where it is
relevant, I will use the converted dates and put the dates as they are written in the original record in brackets immediately afterward, in an effort </span><span style="font-size: large;">to make sure the story is clear and to</span><span style="font-size: large;"> reflect the o</span><span style="font-size: large;">riginal record</span><span style="font-size: large;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Thanks for hanging in with me throughout this explanation. I
hope you found it as interesting as I have (but not as frustrating).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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------<o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://libguides.ctstatelibrary.org/hg/colonialresearch/calendar">http://libguides.ctstatelibrary.org/hg/colonialresearch/calendar</a><span class="MsoHyperlink"> ; </span><a href="https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/51370/why-our-calendars-skipped-11-days-1752">https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/51370/why-our-calendars-skipped-11-days-1752</a><span class="MsoHyperlink"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink">; </span><a href="https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofBritain/Give-us-our-eleven-days/">https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofBritain/Give-us-our-eleven-days/</a><span class="MsoHyperlink"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink">; </span><a href="https://www.history.com/news/6-things-you-may-not-know-about-the-gregorian-calendar">https://www.history.com/news/6-things-you-may-not-know-about-the-gregorian-calendar</a><span class="MsoHyperlink"> ; </span><a href="http://www.genealogyintime.com/GenealogyResources/Articles/understanding_julian_calendars_and_gregorian_calendars_in_genealogy_page1.html">http://www.genealogyintime.com/GenealogyResources/Articles/understanding_julian_calendars_and_gregorian_calendars_in_genealogy_page1.html</a><span class="MsoHyperlink"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"> ; </span><a href="https://www.historytoday.com/archive/gregorian-calendar-adopted-england">https://www.historytoday.com/archive/gregorian-calendar-adopted-england</a><span class="MsoHyperlink"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"> ; </span><a href="http://corsairsandcaptivesblog.com/dates-and-dating-julian-and-gregorian-calendars/">http://corsairsandcaptivesblog.com/dates-and-dating-julian-and-gregorian-calendars/</a><span class="MsoHyperlink"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink">; </span><a href="https://www.genealogyblog.com/?p=18500">https://www.genealogyblog.com/?p=18500</a><span class="MsoHyperlink"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink">; </span><a href="https://blogs.ancestry.com/ancestry/2016/01/19/a-date-is-a-date-is-a-date-is-a-date/">https://blogs.ancestry.com/ancestry/2016/01/19/a-date-is-a-date-is-a-date-is-a-date/</a><span class="MsoHyperlink"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink">; </span><a href="https://www.swarthmore.edu/friends-historical-library/quaker-calendar">https://www.swarthmore.edu/friends-historical-library/quaker-calendar</a><span class="MsoHyperlink"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink">; </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_calendar">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_calendar</a><span class="MsoHyperlink"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink">; </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar</a></span><div class="blogger-post-footer">© 2013 to present. Jo Allison Henn
If you would like to use anything featured on this post for non-commercial purposes, please credit and link back to this blog. If you wish to use any of the material on this site for other means, please seek the written permission of Jo Allison Henn (email address is on Contact Me page).
</div>Jo Hennhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17566276500934815959noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4967992205144808298.post-56556905566159302202019-12-30T22:26:00.001-05:002020-01-01T02:58:06.896-05:00It's Alive!<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_IyYmoc80GA/Xgq5LfuzPfI/AAAAAAAAQXQ/ZFlIcwL4IlAALZ97AbGMUFMTsUI4IMnKwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Shocked%2Breaction%2Banimal.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Climbing My Family Tree: It's Alive!" border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1269" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_IyYmoc80GA/Xgq5LfuzPfI/AAAAAAAAQXQ/ZFlIcwL4IlAALZ97AbGMUFMTsUI4IMnKwCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/Shocked%2Breaction%2Banimal.png" title="Climbing My Family Tree: It's Alive!" width="396" /></a></div>
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Hi! </div>
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As you may have
noticed, I took an unplanned year-long break from blogging this year. During my blogging absence, I dealt with some
physical and mental health things, some stressful career (day job) stuff, and some stressful church
board and committee stuff, and helped organize my parent’s 60<sup>th</sup>
wedding anniversary party. Now, at the close of the year, I see that taking a year off
blogging (however unintended) helped a lot. The 60th anniversary party weekend has been had and
was a success. I’m in therapy for the mental health things and although it’s not
remotely easy, it’s helping. Additionally, while the physical health things are painful,
tiring, and chronic, my doctors and I are looking into possible different
treatments and diets, and, the treatment of the mental health things may
eventually help the physical health things too. The more proactive treatment of
my mental and physical health is also helping with the work stress, too. And,
as of January 14, I will be off of the church board and the church finance
committee for the first time in four years, which I hope
will give me more energy. </div>
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Although I haven’t been blogging, I’ve still been
researching my family tree. I’ve been exploring branches on my Mom’s paternal
side which has led into an area of history I’d never really studied or read about
before, other than a few paragraphs on the formation of Pennsylvania (which
my ancestors don’t stay in). So, I’ve been doing a lot of reading trying to learn it
well enough to explain it and our family’s place in it, and I got stuck in an
attack of perfectionism and anxiety regarding getting it right when writing it up which contributed to no actual writing getting done. Then recently, I
saw a quote from Dr. Jenn Hardy that broke the freeze, “It doesn’t have to be
perfect for it to be finished.” I’m trying to learn to embrace the concept of
“good enough” and just write. So, I will be blogging again next year. However, I’m not going to make any resolutions
on how many posts per week or per month as I don’t want to put any deadline
pressure on myself this year. </div>
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I’ve reviewed the branches I’ve been researching and I
think I’ll be writing posts on eight or nine of people in these branches before moving on to do
further research on Mom’s maternal side. But, unlike most family history
stories this one doesn’t want to be told going back a generation at a time. It
wants to be told from the top down to join the parts I’ve already written (it
makes the social history parts easier to write). Accordingly, I had to get back to a person who
felt like a beginning, and I’m now there. I’ll be starting in January with my
9<sup>th</sup> great-grandfather, George Harlan, who emigrated to this continent about one
hundred years before the U.S. Constitution was ratified. It's outlined, but not written yet, so it will likely go up after next weekend. </div>
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But first I’m going to do a post (hopefully to go up on New
Year’s Day) explaining some important (and interesting!) things about the
change in the calendar before and after 1752, and in particular in the Quaker
calendar, because it will help to understand this as we go through the next
several posts and, rather than having to explain it each time it’s relevant,
this way I’ll explain it once and just link to this post in later posts, where
you can read it again if you need to.</div>
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May your 2020 be a better year than your 2019 was!</div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3HR3pF2FPY0/Xgq5mnIJC5I/AAAAAAAAQXY/QHGSwp8HwC4zCYEDF9LPIO7Eu3qF4fDGgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/new-years-eve-4725485_1280.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="853" data-original-width="1280" height="266" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3HR3pF2FPY0/Xgq5mnIJC5I/AAAAAAAAQXY/QHGSwp8HwC4zCYEDF9LPIO7Eu3qF4fDGgCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/new-years-eve-4725485_1280.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<br /><div class="blogger-post-footer">© 2013 to present. Jo Allison Henn
If you would like to use anything featured on this post for non-commercial purposes, please credit and link back to this blog. If you wish to use any of the material on this site for other means, please seek the written permission of Jo Allison Henn (email address is on Contact Me page).
</div>Jo Hennhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17566276500934815959noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4967992205144808298.post-66224463015920501982018-11-04T03:43:00.002-05:002018-11-04T09:39:49.708-05:00Remembering the Women Who Voted First (November 2, 1920)<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MzBAcgqZpFs/W96o8NEhKSI/AAAAAAAAKZ4/fqX0F4jYbGwg7bH4zovTFRFn8s0R2tJggCLcBGAs/s1600/1920%2BSample%2BBallot%2BYoungstown%2BVindicator.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Climbing My Family Tree: Sample Ballot for November 2, 1920 printed in the Youngstown Ohio Vindicator on November 1, 1920" border="0" data-original-height="653" data-original-width="1256" height="207" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MzBAcgqZpFs/W96o8NEhKSI/AAAAAAAAKZ4/fqX0F4jYbGwg7bH4zovTFRFn8s0R2tJggCLcBGAs/s400/1920%2BSample%2BBallot%2BYoungstown%2BVindicator.png" title="Sample Ballot for November 2, 1920 printed in the Youngstown Ohio Vindicator on November 1, 1920" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sample Ballot for November 2, 1920<br />
printed in the Youngstown Ohio Vindicator on November 1, 1920<br />
Click to make bigger</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I knew that white women first got the right to vote, across the U.S.A., in 1920. But then, maybe because of the genealogy, I got to wondering what that meant in my family. Who were the first women in my family who could vote? <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">So I checked (click on their names to be taken to their life story posts).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In Lapeer and Sanilac counties, Michigan, Election Day 1920 dawned cold and clear, but with the threat of the first snowstorm of the year. According to local newspapers, in the morning hours to noon, women showed up to vote in double the numbers of the men.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">On my Dad’s side, three generations of women were alive and eligible to vote for the first time. I was astonished to realize that my grandma was one of them. The others died before I was born and I didn’t know them.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">On Election Day, November 2, 1920, the first election in which women could legally vote nationwide:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">My grandma, <a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2014/12/50-anna-mae-bennett-1898-1977-and-51.html" target="_blank">Anna Bennett Henn</a> was 22 (1898-1977). She lived at home with her parents in Maple Valley, Michigan.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin-bottom: 4.5pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">My great-grandma, <a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2014/11/52-ancestors-44-anna-gregor-bennett.html" target="_blank">Anna Gregor Bennett</a> was 62 (1858-1928). She lived in Maple Valley, Michigan with her husband and four of their seven children: William (31), Anna (22), Margaret (20) and Thomas (14).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">My great-grandma, <a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2014/06/52-ancestors-22-myrtie-mabel-wilcox.html" target="_blank">Myrtie Wilcox Henn</a> was 40 (1879-1953). She had eight children and lived in Burnside, Michigan with her husband. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">My 2nd-great-grandma, <a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2014/09/52-ancestors-33-george-butler-wilcox.html" target="_blank">Mary Jane Currier Wilcox</a> was 77 (1843-1937). She lived in Brown City, Michigan, with her husband and her 17-year-old grandson. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">My 2nd-great-grandma, <a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2014/08/52-ancestors-28-john-henn-1842-1919-and.html" target="_blank">Elizabeth O’Brien Henn</a> was 67 (1853-1927). She was a widow and lived in Burnside, Michigan, with her son Floyd's family. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In Hancock County, Ohio, Election Day 1920 was cold and very rainy. Despite this, women were lined up outside the polls in many cities in Ohio at the start of the day for the opportunity to vote for the first time. According to Ohio newspaper accounts, women were asked to vote between 9:00 AM and 4:00 PM in many localities (some limited them to 9:00 AM to noon) so as to not tie up the polls when the men were getting off work and coming to vote. In Ohio, the total number of women voters outnumbered the total of men voters in many precincts on that day.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">On my Mom’s side, only two generations of women were alive to witness the first time women were allowed to vote.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">On Election Day, November 2, 1920:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span class="textexposedshow"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">My great-grandma, <a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2014/04/52-ancestors-17-fannie-hartman-hart.html" target="_blank">Fanny Hartman Hart Erwin</a> was 48 (1872-1954). She was working as a live-in housekeeper for a man and his father in Pleasant, Ohio. Her two youngest daughters, one of whom was my grandmother, lived in the household with her and were listed as boarders on the census. My grandmother, <a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2014/05/52-ancestors-19-mabel-erwin-snyder-1910.html" target="_blank">Mabel Erwin Snyder</a>, was 10 on Election Day, which was too young to vote but she witnessed history being made. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span class="textexposedshow">My great-grandma, <a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2013/12/ancestor-highlight-phillip-snyder-1882.html" target="_blank">Pearl Pauline Bailey Snyder</a> was 29 (1891-1978). She lived with her husband and five children in Findlay, Ohio.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span class="textexposedshow"><span style="color: #20124d; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Warren Harding (Pres.) and Calvin Coolidge (VP) won that presidential election.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">It’s hard to believe that I knew two women who saw that day. I have honored the memory of those women who fought for my right to vote by voting in <i>every</i> election since I first became eligible to vote.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">This Tuesday, November 6, 2018, go </span></span></div>
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</div>Jo Hennhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17566276500934815959noreply@blogger.com15tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4967992205144808298.post-13454152093194526122018-10-15T00:32:00.000-04:002019-05-25T10:17:57.144-04:00Mary Towne Easty (1634-1692) – Hanged at Salem in the Witch Hysteria<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zgE7H5b1w-g/W8QRItDLbTI/AAAAAAAAJts/WTUPE_Od9xARnZZBJW4BaNfTS2kHzpJ_ACLcBGAs/s1600/Salem%2BWitch%2BHanging%2B2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Climbing My Family Tree: Salem Witch Hanging" border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="750" height="266" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zgE7H5b1w-g/W8QRItDLbTI/AAAAAAAAJts/WTUPE_Od9xARnZZBJW4BaNfTS2kHzpJ_ACLcBGAs/s400/Salem%2BWitch%2BHanging%2B2.jpg" title="Salem Witch Hanging" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">When I was researching for the post on Joshua Currey, I came across a mention in a biographical article on one of his sons' wife’s brothers that said that one of the reasons that there were so many lawyers in the Estey family was because of the injustice done to his great-grandmother at Salem. …I did a double take, “Wait! Salem?!” So, of course, I had to do more research to see if that implied connection was accurate. It is! I’ve found the first ancestor I have actually read about in a history book prior to finding out I was related to her! <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Mary Towne Easty (a/k/a Eastey/Esty/Estey/Eastick/Estie – consistent spelling was not important in earlier centuries) is one of my eighth great-grandmothers on my father‘s side. Hers is a tragic story, but very interesting.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">She was born in Yarmouth, Norfolk, England to William Towne and Joanna Blessing Towne and was baptized on August 24, 1634. William Towne and Joanna Blessing were married on March 25, 1620, at the church of St. Nicholas in Yarmouth, England; Mary was the sixth of eight children and the last one born in England. William and Joanna’s children were Rebecca (1621-1692; m. Francis Nurse), John (1625-bef.1672, Susannah (1625 – bef. 1672), Edmund (1628-?; m. Mary Browning), Jacob (1632- ?), Mary (1634-1692; m. Isaac Easty), Sarah (abt. 1638 – abt. 1704; m1. Edmund Bridges, m2. Peter Cloyce) and Joseph (1639 - ?; m. Phoebe Perkins). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">William and Joanna Towne came to the Massachusetts Bay Colony, with their children, sometime between the years 1634, when Mary was baptized in England, and 1638 when their youngest daughter was born in Massachusetts. In 1640, William is on record in the town book of Salem as being granted "a little neck of Land right over against his house on the other side of the river." They first lived in Salem Village, and then in 1651, they moved to Topsfield, where William purchased land. Mary was 17 years old. They were considered a respectable family, with Goodman William Towne described as “a man of character, substance and social position.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In 1656, Mary Towne (22) married Isaac Easty (29), a farmer and cooper (barrel maker) from Salem Village. He was born on 17 November 1627, in Freston, Suffolk, England and had come to Salem in 1636 with his parents when he was nine years old. Isaac and Mary had nine children: Isaac (1656-1714, m. Abigail Kimball, my seventh great-grandparents), Joseph (1657-?), Sarah (1660-?, m. Moses Gill), John (1662-?), Hannah (1667-1741; m. George Abbott), Benjamin (1669-?), Samuel 1672-?), Jacob 1674-?), Joshua (1678-bef. 1718; m. Abigail ?).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Isaac and Mary moved to Topsfield somewhere around 1660, and in 1661, he was one of the commoners appointed to share in the Topsfield common lands on the south side of the Ipswich River. Isaac was one of the selectmen of the town in 1680, 1682, 1686 and 1688. He was also selected to serve on juries in 1681, 1684 and 1685. The local church register for 1684 shows that Isaac Estey, wife, and family, were members in full communion.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In 1670, Mary Easty’s mother, Joanna Towne, was suddenly accused of witchcraft by the Gould family after she angered them when she twice testified on behalf of a Topsfield minister, Rev. Thomas Gilbert, who had been brought to court after accusations by Gould family on a charge of intemperance. She was never tried in court, but the family spread rumors that she was a witch. According to Rebecca Brooks, writing for the History of Massachusetts blog in the entry “Mary Easty: the Witch’s Daughter”, the Gould family were close friends with the Putnam family of Salem Village, who later became the most active accusers in the Salem witch trials, and the main accusers against Mary Easty and her sisters. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">There </span>were several<span style="font-size: 12pt;"> years worth of ongoing land disputes between the </span>Putnams<span style="font-size: 12pt;"> and the town of Topsfield, between 1636 and into the 1680s. In 1680, the town of Topsfield appointed a committee to sue for bounds (boundaries) in </span>the Putnams'<span style="font-size: 12pt;"> countersuit. The general court heard the claims of the two parties and decided in favor of Topsfield. Throughout this suit and others that followed, the names of How, Towne, Estey, Baker, </span>and<span style="font-size: 12pt;"> Wildes appear frequently, either as a committee representing </span>Topsfield,<span style="font-size: 12pt;"> or as witnesses before the court, while on the other side the Putnam name appeared. In 1686, Isaac Easty, his son Isaac, and John and Joseph Towne testified in court that they had seen Capt. John Putnam and his sons harvesting trees within the Topsfield boundary and on Topsfield’s men’s properties. The court decided in favor of the Topsfield men which only made the </span>Putnams<span style="font-size: 12pt;"> more bitter. The </span>Putnams<span style="font-size: 12pt;"> were described as "strong-willed men, of high temper and seemingly eager for controversy and even personal conflict", in the article <i>Topsfield in the Witchcraft Delusion</i> (</span><span style="background: white; font-size: 12pt;">The Historical Collections of the Topsfield Historical Society, 1908, p. 23, 25), and they resented the Townes and Eastys.</span></div>
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<span style="background: white; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In early 1692 the witch hysteria broke out in the fits and accusations of young girls in the community, including Ann Putnam, perhaps caused by boredom, perhaps by illness, perhaps by anxiety, or perhaps something they ate (one theory is that rye grown in Salem may have been contaminated with a type of fungus found in LSD). As noted in <i>Hunting for Witches</i> by Francis Hill, only three of the girls lived with both natural parents, the others were orphaned or semi-orphaned. The girls, like everyone else in the Puritan community, lived in fear of sudden attack from the Indians, of disease, of harsh punishment for minor transgressions, of God’s wrath and eternal damnation. It is not surprising that the girls might be influenced by the resentments, fears, and hatred of their elders, and named as witches those whom their parents and guardians saw as enemies. Given the ongoing land disputes involving the Townes, it is unsurprising now that among the first people accused, in March 1692, were Mary’s sisters, Rebecca Nurse* and Sarah Cloyce; they were jailed within a month of being accused. During the witch hunt at least one Putnam family member signed 15 of the 21 recorded complaints that survive. Approximately 150 people were accused of witchcraft in all.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Throughout April 1692, 21 people were charged with witchcraft, and every complaint was signed by a Putnam, either Thomas or John. One of those so accused, Mary Towne Easty, was my eighth great-grandmother, who had been known as a pious and respectable woman. Mary Easty was likely also a victim of the resentment carried by the Putnams as a result of the boundary disputes in which a number of her Towne and Easty family members were involved. There may also have been resentment against the family because her husband was a large landowner and farmer, and was town selectmen for at least four years. It also did not help that she was known to be related to too many accused witches, between her mother and her sisters, for there not to be suspicion cast on her.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Mary Easty was arrested on April 21, 1692, and examined by magistrates John Hawthorne and Jonathan Corwin on the next day.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Notes of Examination of Mary Towne Easty, 1692<br />
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<span style="background: white; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Transcription of the examination notes, in the picture above. Portions in brackets are my additions, for clarity:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The Examination of Mary Eastie.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">At a Court held at Salem village 22. Apr. 1692<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">By the Wop. [Worshipful] John Hathorne & Jonathan Corwin.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">At the bringing in of the accused severall fell into fits.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[Magistrate to girls] Doth this woman hurt you?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Many mouths were stopt, & several other fits seized them<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Abig [Abigail] Williams said it was Goody Eastie, & she had hurt her, the <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">like said Mary Walcot, & Ann Putman, John Indian said her saw her <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">with Goody Hobbs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[Magistrate to Mary Easty] What do you say, are you guilty?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[Mary Easty] I can say before Christ Jesus, I am free.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[Magistrate] You see these accuse you. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">There is a God --<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[Magistrate to girls] Hath she brought the book to you?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Their mouths were stopt.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[Magistrate to Mary Easty]: What have you done to these children?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[Mary Easty]: I know nothing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[Magistrate] How can you say you know nothing, when you see these tormented, & accuse you that you know nothing?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[Mary Easty] Would you have me accuse my self?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[Magistrate] Yes if you be guilty. How far have you complyed w'th Satan whereby he takes this <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">advantage ag't you?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[Mary Easty] Sir, I never complyed but prayed against him all my dayes, I have no complyance with Satan, in this. What would you have me do?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[Magistrate] Confess if you be guilty.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[Mary Easty] I will say it, if it was my last time, I am clear of this sin.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[Magistrate] Of what sin?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[Mary Easty] Of witchcraft.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[Magistrate to girls] Are you certain this is the woman?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">They made signes but could not speak, By and by Ann Putman said that was the woman, it was like her and she told me her name.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[Magistrate to Mary Easty] It is marvailous to me that you should sometimes think they are bewitcht, & sometimes not, when severall confess that they have been guilty of bewitching them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[Mary Easty] Well Sir would you have me confess that that I never knew?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Her {Mary’s] hands were clincht together, & then the hands of Mercy Lewis was clincht<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Look now your hands are open, her hands are open.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[Magistrate to girls] Is this the woman?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">They made signes but could not speak, but Ann Putman. Afterwards Betty Hubbard cryed out Oh. Goody Easty, Goody Easty you are the woman, you are the woman. Put up her head, for while her head is bowed the necks of these are broken.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[Magistrate to Mary Easty] What do you say to this?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[Mary Easty] Why God will know.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[Magistrate to Mary Easty] Nay God knows now.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[Mary Easty] I know He dos.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[Magistrate to Mary Easty] What did you think of the actions of others before your sisters came out, did you think it was Witchcraft?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[Mary Easty] I cannot tell.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[Magistrate] Why do you not think it is Witchcraft?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">[Mary Easty] It is an evil spirit, but wither it be witchcraft I do not know. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Severall said she brought them the Book & then they fell into fits.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">After examination, Mary was taken back to the Salem jail. It was very overcrowded in the jail and the conditions were terrible enough that four persons held in the jail, </span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 16px;">on witchcraft charges,</span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;"> died there. On May 18, Mary was released for reasons not recorded in the surviving records. However, one of her accusers, Mercy Lewis, continued to accuse Mary of sending her specter to torment her, and experienced extreme fits for a full day, claiming that Mary’s specter was threatening to kill her by midnight for her testimony. As a result, Mary was arrested again only 48 hours after she had been released based on a complaint made against her on May 20 by John Putnam, Jr. and Benjamin Hutchinson, on behalf of Mercy Lewis, Abigail Williams, </span>and<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;"> Mary Walcott. However, Mercy Lewis continued to have fits and severe convulsions all night, until the Salem magistrates were informed of the situation, and put Mary in irons, at which point the girl’s fits subsided. There is no remaining record of the examination pursuant to this arrest, but Mary Easty was indicted on two charges of witchcraft and first taken to the jail in Ipswich, then later moved to the jail in Boston.</span></div>
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<span style="background: white; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The newly appointed Governor Phipps acted to try to control the hysteria by creating the Court of Oyer and Terminar (hear and determine) solely to hear witchcraft cases and appointing nine judges under a chief judge, the lieutenant governor. The Court of Oyer and Terminar allowed some weird evidence which we would never consider probative evidence today to be considered: the “touching test” (when the accused witches touched a girl during one of her fits and if the girl’s convulsions or fits stopped, then the accused was ruled guilty of witchcraft}; spectral evidence (testimony that a specter of the accused witches physically or mentally tormented the girls who were afflicted) and if one of the girls stated that the accused’s spirit was tormenting them, the court ruled the accused witch guilty of witchcraft; witch marks (the people of Salem believed the devil would find a teat, or mole, upon the accused body, and would suck the teat and leave blue and red marks on their body). Additionally, gossip, stories, and hearsay were treated as persuasive evidence. There was no presumption of innocence. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7mZfIFdqPcE/W8QTmc7b2CI/AAAAAAAAJuI/aCyCCJb20os0A-O42pGQN3Ph0K1B8uVxACLcBGAs/s1600/WondersoftheInvisibleWorld-1693.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Climbing My Family Tree: The Wonders of the Invisible World by Cotton Mather, 1693" border="0" data-original-height="584" data-original-width="397" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7mZfIFdqPcE/W8QTmc7b2CI/AAAAAAAAJuI/aCyCCJb20os0A-O42pGQN3Ph0K1B8uVxACLcBGAs/s400/WondersoftheInvisibleWorld-1693.jpg" title="The Wonders of the Invisible World by Cotton Mather, 1693" width="271" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Wonders of the Invisible World by Cotton Mather, 1693<br />
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<span style="background: white; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The jury in Mary’s sister Rebecca Nurse* case initially found her not guilty at trial, but when the girls heard the verdict they went into such fits, the jury was sent back to reconsider their decision, and then they convicted her. Rebecca was hanged in July 1692, along with four others similarly convicted.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Mary and Sarah were still being held in jail when their sister Rebecca was executed. Their families visited them regularly, even though the trip from Salem to Boston took more than half a day on horseback, and provided much support, but it had to be a terrifying time for the women, and for the families who had to know that the association with the women might also place them under suspicion. Prior to her trial, Mary Easty and her sister Sarah Cloyce jointly filed a petition, because they were “</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">neither able to plead our owne cause, nor is councell allowed.” </span><span style="background: white; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In the petition, they asked the magistrates to act as their legal counsel; requested that certain witnesses who had known them longest and best be called to speak on their behalf; and asked that spectral evidence not be allowed in the trials as it was not legal evidence, saying “…<span style="color: #2b2b2b;">that the Testimony of witches, or such as are afflicted, as is supposed, by witches may not be improved to condemn us, without other Legal evidence concurring, we hope the Honoured Court & Jury will be soe tender of the lives of such, as we are who have for many years Lived under the unblemished reputation of Christianity, as not to condemne them without a fayre and equall hearing of what may be sayd for us, as well as against us.” The petition did not help much. </span>Mary Eastey was tried on September 9, 1692. It is not known why Sarah was not scheduled for trial at that time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The testimony against Mary was mostly stories from the girls about being afflicted by her specter and testimony from the girls’ relatives, such as Edward Putnam, describing how the girls appeared to be afflicted. Other people testified as well about interactions with Mary that they attributed to witchcraft, as is shown by this deposition of Samuel Smith below.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FmX-NOMvb68/W8QUlxGmrrI/AAAAAAAAJuU/Js1XivS-j9geEvBhUJ9J-s3BPhq8ZOj-gCLcBGAs/s1600/Easty%252C%2BMary%2BTrial%2BDeposition%2Bof%2BSamuel%2BSmith.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Climbing My Family Tree: Trial Deposition of Samuel Smith, Trial of Mary Easty, 1692" border="0" data-original-height="469" data-original-width="975" height="191" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FmX-NOMvb68/W8QUlxGmrrI/AAAAAAAAJuU/Js1XivS-j9geEvBhUJ9J-s3BPhq8ZOj-gCLcBGAs/s400/Easty%252C%2BMary%2BTrial%2BDeposition%2Bof%2BSamuel%2BSmith.png" title="Trial Deposition of Samuel Smith, Trial of Mary Easty, 1692" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Trial Deposition of Samuel Smith,<br />
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<span style="background: white; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Transcription of deposition of Samuel Smith, who testified at Mary Easty’s trial to this incident:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #2b2b2b; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The deposistion of Samuell Smith of Boxford about 25 yers who testifieth and saith that about five years sence I was one night att <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name=""></a>the house of Isaac Estick sen'r. of Topsfeild and I was as farr as I know to Rude in discorse and the above said Esticks wife said to me I would not have you be so rude in discorse for I might Rue it hereafter and as I was agoeing whom that night about a quarter of a mille from the said Esticks house by a stone wall I Received a little blow on my shoulder with I know not what and the stone wall rattleed very much which affrighted me my horse also was affrighted very much but I cannot give the reson of it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Before her trial, Mary Easty was subject to another humiliation, in that a delegation of men and women from the town searched her nude body for a “witch mark” or “devil’s teat”, and purported to find one. Several people also had the courage to speak up on her behalf, such as John and Mary Arnold, and Thomas and Elizabeth Fosse, who submitted depositions and testified to how well behaved Mary Easty was when in jail. At the end of her trial, she was condemned to death by hanging.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Before her execution, Mary Easty wrote another petition, which has been described: as ”one of the most moving historical documents to survive from the witch-hunt” by Francis Hill in<i> Hunting for Witches</i>; and in t</span><span style="background: white; color: #444444; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">he book <i>Puritans in America by </i> Andrew Delbanco, it states <em><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; padding: 0in;">“</span></em><em><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-style: normal; padding: 0in;">Hers is an expression of submission without servility. It is a statement of one person’s faith that New England can still be saved from itself.</span></em><em><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; padding: 0in;">”</span></em><em><span style="border: none 1.0pt; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-style: normal; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></em></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mary Easty's Post-conviction Petition, 1692, front<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2qp0j1juWFA/W8QViP4I7CI/AAAAAAAAJug/uP1uAK4TpvcnPKglL4eA8rpPcODsAQ6MACLcBGAs/s1600/Easty%252C%2BMary%2BPetition%2Bback%2B%2528after%2Bconviction%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Climbing My Family Tree: Mary Easty's Post-conviction Petition, 1692, back" border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1055" height="400" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2qp0j1juWFA/W8QViP4I7CI/AAAAAAAAJug/uP1uAK4TpvcnPKglL4eA8rpPcODsAQ6MACLcBGAs/s400/Easty%252C%2BMary%2BPetition%2Bback%2B%2528after%2Bconviction%2529.jpg" title="Mary Easty's Post-conviction Petition, 1692, back" width="263" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mary Easty's Post-conviction Petition, 1692, back<br />
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Transcription of Mary's post-conviction petition, pictured above:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“The humbl petition of mary Eastick unto his Excellency's S'r W'm Phipps to the honour'd Judge and Bench now Sitting in Judicature in Salem and the Reverend ministers humbly sheweth<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">That whereas your poor and humble petitioner being condemned to die Doe humbly begg of you to take it into your Judicious and pious considerations that your Poor and humble petitioner knowing my own Innocencye Blised be the Lord for it and seeing plainly the wiles and subtility of my accusers by my Selfe can not but Judge charitably of others that are going the same way of my selfe if the Lord stepps not mightily in. i was confined a whole month upon the same account that I am condemned now for and then cleared by the afflicted persons as some of your honours know and in two dayes time I was cryed out upon by them and have been confined and now am condemned to die the Lord above knows my Innocence then and Likewise does now as att the great day will be know to men and Angells -- I Petition to your honours not for my own life for I know I must die and my appointed time is sett but the Lord he knowes it is that if it be possible no more Innocent blood may be shed which undoubtidly cannot be Avoyded In the way and course you goe in. I question not but your honours does to the uttmost of your Powers in the discovery and detecting of witchcraft and witches and would not be gulty of Innocent blood for the world but by my own Innocency I know you are in this great work if it be his blessed you that no more Innocent blood be shed I would humbly begg of you that your honors would be plesed to examine theis Afflicted Persons strictly and keep them apart some time and Likewise to try some of these confesing wichis I being confident there is severall of them has belyed themselves and others as will appeare if not in this wor[l]d I am sure in the world to come whither I am now agoing and I Question not but youle see and alteration of thes things they my selfe and others having made a League with the Divel we cannot confesse I know and the Lord knowes as will shortly appeare they belye me and so I Question not but they doe others the Lord above who is the Searcher of all hearts knows that as I shall answer att the Tribunall seat that I know not the least thinge of witchcraft therfore I cannot I dare not belye my own soule I beg your honers not to deny this my humble petition from a poor dying Innocent person and I Question not but the Lord will give a blesing to yor endevers.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">On September 22, 1692, Mary Easty and five others were hanged, one at a time, on a small hill near Calais Hill. Robert Calef, the author of <i>More Wonders of the Invisible World, </i>described her last moments: “Mary Easty, sister also to Rebecca Nurse, when she took her last farewell of her husband, children and friends, was, as is reported by them present, as serious, religious, distinct and affectionate as could well be exprest, drawing tears from the eyes of almost all present.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">More Wonders of the Invisible World, by Robert Calef, 1823<br />
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It is not known where she is buried, although some believe that she was buried in an unmarked grave somewhere at the execution site. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It is possible that Mary’s petition had some effect on the minds of the leaders of the state as these were the last hangings of the witch trials. The last of the witch trials was on December 6, 1692, and by that time spectral evidence was no longer allowed. Only three people were convicted, and the governor granted reprieves so they were not hanged. Mary’s younger sister, Sarah Cloyce, was set free in January 1693 after her jail and court expenses were paid, when the grand jury in her case returned a verdict of “ignoramus,” or “I don’t know,” on each charge. The family quickly paid the bills and Sarah’s husband moved their family to Boston, away from her accusers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">After January 1693, no more accused witches were found guilty at trial. In May 1893 Gov. Phipps ordered all still held (150 people) released. On January 14, 1697, the General Court ordered a day of fasting and soul-searching for the tragedy of Salem. In 1702, the court declared the trials unlawful. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Mary’s husband, Isaac Easty, continued to fight for the restoration of Mary’s good name throughout the rest of his life. It took almost twenty years and several petitions to the legislature. In 1710, a committee was designated and met at Salem to consider the requests. <i>Six Women of Salem</i>, by Marilynne K. Roach, explained (and quoted from), that the committee reviewed a petition by Isaac Esty, age “about 82 years” who wrote of caring for his jailed wife Mary, saying that before her execution “my wife was near upon 5 months imprisoned all which time I provided maintenance for her at my own cost & charge, went constantly twice a week to provide for her what she needed.” Three of those weeks she was imprisoned in Boston “& I was constrained to be at the charge of transporting her to & fro.” He estimated his expenses “in time & money” worth 20 pounds sterling “besides my trouble & sorrow of heart in being deprived of her after such a manner which this world can never make me any compensation for.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">On Oct 17, 1711, the colony passed a bill restoring the rights and good names of some of those accused, stating that, “the several convictions, judgments, and attainders be, and hereby are, reversed, and declared to be null and void,” listing 22 people to whom it applied, including Mary Esty. Further, on Dec 17, 1711, Governor Dudley issued a warrant awarding Isaac 20 pounds sterling in compensation for the injustice of the 1692 verdict against Mary (equivalent to rent for a farm for a year in 1710 Massachusetts).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Isaac died about six months later on 11 June 1712, in Topsfield, Massachusetts. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It was not until 1957—more than 250 years later—that Massachusetts formally apologized for the events of 1692.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Our line of descent is as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Isaac Estey, sr – Mary Towne<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Isaac Estey, jr - Abigail Kimball<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Richard Estey - Ruth Fisk<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Zebulon Estey – Mary (Molly) Brown<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">David Currey, Sr – Dorothy Estey</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">George Currier – Eunice Phoebe Curry<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">George Butler Wilcox – Mary Jane Currier<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Owen James Henn – Myrtle Wilcox<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Owen Carl Henn – Anna Bennett<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">My parents<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Me & my siblings<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">*Although I’m not going into detail as regards to the charges against, examination, and trial of Rebecca Nurse, or her execution, I note that Rebecca Nurse is the most famous of the three sisters and there are many books and articles written on her ordeal, including the play <i>The Crucible</i> by Arthur Miller. Additionally, her home survives as a Museum in Danvers, Massachusetts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333331; font-size: 10.0pt;">“England Births and Christenings, 1538-1975," database, <i>FamilySearch</i>; </span><span style="background: white; font-size: 10pt;">Genealogical and Personal Memoirs Relating to the Families of Boston and Eastern Massachusetts, edited by </span><span style="background: white; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">William Richard Cutter, Vol 1 (1907), Vol. 2 (1908) and Vol. 3 (1908); A Brief and True Narrative of Some Remarkable Passages Relating to Sundry Persons Afflicted by Witchcraft, at Salem Village: Which happened from the Nineteenth of March, to the Fifth of April, 1692 by Deodat Lawson; (1692); “Mary Easty: the Witch’s daughter” by Rebecca Brooks, the History of Massachusetts’ blog, <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://historyofmassachusetts.org/mary-easty-salem/">http://historyofmassachusetts.org/mary-easty-salem/</a></span> ; An American Family History blog, New England Families section, multiple pages, <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.anamericanfamilyhistory.com/Navigation%20Indexes/New%20England.html">https://www.anamericanfamilyhistory.com/Navigation%20Indexes/New%20England.html</a></span> ; <a href="https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3995254/Did-HALLUCINOGENS-spark-Salem-witch-trials-Experts-say-locals-eaten-bread-contaminated-fungus-LSD.html">https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3995254/Did-HALLUCINOGENS-spark-Salem-witch-trials-Experts-say-locals-eaten-bread-contaminated-fungus-LSD.html</a> ; Currents of Malice: Mary Towne Eastey and Her Family in Salem Witchcraft by Persis MacMillen (P.E. Randall 1990); The Historical Collections of the Topsfield Historical Society, Vol. 14, Topsfield Historical Society, 1895 & Vol. 5 1899 & Vol 13 (1908); The Salem Witchcraft Papers, Verbatim Transcriptions of the Court Records In three volumes. Edited by Paul Boyer and Stephen Nissenbaum (Da Capo Press: New York, 1977.) Digital Edition, <em><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif;">partially revised, corrected, and augmented by Benjamin C. Ray and Tara S. Wood, 2011, </span></em><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://salem.lib.virginia.edu/texts/tei/swp">http://salem.lib.virginia.edu/texts/tei/swp</a></span>, Mary Towne Esty Executed, September 22, 1692, <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://salem.lib.virginia.edu/texts/tei/swp?div_id=n45">http://salem.lib.virginia.edu/texts/tei/swp?div_id=n45</a></span> ; Hunting for Witches, by Frances Hill (Commonwealth Editions, an imprint of Applewood Books Inc., Carlisle Massachusetts, 2002); Six Women of Salem, by Marilynne K. Roach (MJF Books, New York. 2013.) The Wicked Court of Oyer and Terminar, <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://people.ucls.uchicago.edu/~snekros/The%20Salem%20Colonial%20Current%202015/Oyer_and_Terminer.htm">http://people.ucls.uchicago.edu/~snekros/The%20Salem%20Colonial%20Current%202015/Oyer_and_Terminer.htm</a> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext;">; <i>More Wonder of the Invisible World</i> by Robert Calef, (printed in London 1700; reprinted in Salem by Cushing and Appleton 1823); <i>The Puritans in America: a Narrative Anthology</i>, by Andrew Delbanco (Harvard University Press. 2009); https://eh.net/encyclopedia/money-in-the-american-colonies./</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="blogger-post-footer">© 2013 to present. Jo Allison Henn
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</div>Jo Hennhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17566276500934815959noreply@blogger.com23tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4967992205144808298.post-87701997509612773332018-10-01T01:07:00.000-04:002018-10-01T01:10:35.371-04:00New Henn Family Photos!<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-urFMIGQZeMo/W7Giu8xNSRI/AAAAAAAAJjE/kljcohsx5GoVaYp1qA8IVT82rPGSzgNcgCLcBGAs/s1600/Henn%2BFamily-page-002%2Bpostcard%2Bfront.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Climbing My Family Tree: Erwin, age 7; Hazel, age 5; Lowell, age 3, and Carl, age 1 (The Henn Family)" border="0" data-original-height="524" data-original-width="797" height="262" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-urFMIGQZeMo/W7Giu8xNSRI/AAAAAAAAJjE/kljcohsx5GoVaYp1qA8IVT82rPGSzgNcgCLcBGAs/s400/Henn%2BFamily-page-002%2Bpostcard%2Bfront.jpg" title="Erwin, age 7; Hazel, age 5; Lowell, age 3, and Carl, age 1 (The Henn Family)" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Erwin, age 7; Hazel, age 5; Lowell, age 3, and Carl, age 1 (The Henn Family)</td></tr>
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My new found cousin, SGT, 3rd cousin 1x removed, found the above picture when she was going through her grandmother's photograph album. It was a postcard sent to Mr, & Mrs. Frank Henn, Mallory NY, on December 23, 1908. "Mr, & Mrs. Frank Henn, Mallory NY" is the whole address on the card! (Since it was in her grandmother's photograph album it must have made it.) The postcard gives the names and ages of the children pictured, and was signed by Owen J. Henn.<br />
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This is the back of the postcard:<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-aFiNQ90SOq0/W7GlTxWGFBI/AAAAAAAAJjQ/HgwTTjb3_d08_pbWd6qPol8l5UCW_nz6wCLcBGAs/s1600/Henn%2BFamily-page-002%2Bpostcard%2Bback.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Climbing My Family Tree: Henn Family Postcard back" border="0" data-original-height="503" data-original-width="788" height="255" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-aFiNQ90SOq0/W7GlTxWGFBI/AAAAAAAAJjQ/HgwTTjb3_d08_pbWd6qPol8l5UCW_nz6wCLcBGAs/s400/Henn%2BFamily-page-002%2Bpostcard%2Bback.jpg" title="Henn Family Postcard back" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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Owen J, Henn was my great-grandfather and 1-year-old Carl was my grandfather.<br />
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SGT also sent me a photograph of Frank (1875 - 1945) and Olive (1884-1938) the youngest two of my great-grandfather's siblings.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Rmt3-tSKYpY/W7GorFaVllI/AAAAAAAAJjc/HAMJzzbYfL8seDe4FMKbMe0GTsOm46eSACLcBGAs/s1600/Henn%2BFamily-page-002%2BOllie%2B%2526%2BFloyd.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Climbing My Family Tree: Ollie and Frank Henn" border="0" data-original-height="886" data-original-width="1165" height="303" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Rmt3-tSKYpY/W7GorFaVllI/AAAAAAAAJjc/HAMJzzbYfL8seDe4FMKbMe0GTsOm46eSACLcBGAs/s400/Henn%2BFamily-page-002%2BOllie%2B%2526%2BFloyd.jpg" title="Ollie and Frank Henn" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ollie and Frank Henn</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-O4qSLodjv1E/W7GpkIYeATI/AAAAAAAAJjk/jnV3IeyBfQorZZyzksliR6ax4Q97o-TjACLcBGAs/s1600/Henn%2BFamily-page-002%2BOllie%2B%2526%2BFloyd%2Bback.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Climbing My Family Tree: Ollie & Frank Henn, back of photo" border="0" data-original-height="879" data-original-width="1180" height="297" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-O4qSLodjv1E/W7GpkIYeATI/AAAAAAAAJjk/jnV3IeyBfQorZZyzksliR6ax4Q97o-TjACLcBGAs/s400/Henn%2BFamily-page-002%2BOllie%2B%2526%2BFloyd%2Bback.jpg" title="Ollie & Frank Henn, back of photo" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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There was another photo enclosed, but I'm going to save that for a later posting after I'm more certain of which generation of my family he belongs to.<div class="blogger-post-footer">© 2013 to present. Jo Allison Henn
If you would like to use anything featured on this post for non-commercial purposes, please credit and link back to this blog. If you wish to use any of the material on this site for other means, please seek the written permission of Jo Allison Henn (email address is on Contact Me page).
</div>Jo Hennhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17566276500934815959noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4967992205144808298.post-88206083870156966972018-09-30T23:42:00.002-04:002018-10-01T01:08:55.015-04:00Odds and Ends<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GYSmsOjvqgA/W7GO82niXPI/AAAAAAAAJig/H30raZHFQVwmqE89FZsd0scelfJfYgiuwCLcBGAs/s1600/snail-2983235_1280.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="848" data-original-width="1280" height="265" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GYSmsOjvqgA/W7GO82niXPI/AAAAAAAAJig/H30raZHFQVwmqE89FZsd0scelfJfYgiuwCLcBGAs/s400/snail-2983235_1280.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Snails - from <a href="http://pixabay.com/">Pixabay.com</a><br />
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I know I promised another ancestor profile post in September. However, I've been away from home for the last three weekends, and haven't had time to finish writing it up yet (thus, the snails). That post will go up in October.<br />
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I've been contacted by three potential distant relatives for Dad's side and one for Mom's side in September, and one very nice person who just wants to help me. Two would like to jointly explore how we are related, (they seem to be one on Dad's side and one on Mom's of my family). One had been conducting research pursuant to a DNA project he was working on, including some families that he was unable to conclusively connect to his family of primary interest, and in the course of that research, he tells me that he uncovered some interesting information on one of my direct family lines (Dad's side) and wants to offer it to me rather than just deleting it because he couldn't prove a match to his people - oh boy! And the fourth, my 3rd cousin 1x removed, on Dad's side found my blog after Googling names found on the back of photos in her grandmother's photograph album, and sent me both digital copies of the photos and the originals! So my next post tonight will the photos she shared with me of my grandfather Henn at one year old (very cute) and of his siblings.<div class="blogger-post-footer">© 2013 to present. Jo Allison Henn
If you would like to use anything featured on this post for non-commercial purposes, please credit and link back to this blog. If you wish to use any of the material on this site for other means, please seek the written permission of Jo Allison Henn (email address is on Contact Me page).
</div>Jo Hennhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17566276500934815959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4967992205144808298.post-57864490684017799582018-08-07T01:30:00.000-04:002018-09-11T02:35:58.784-04:00Joshua Currey (1741-1802), U. E. Loyalist<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-iDZSyv-IrPQ/W2kfY6-WgDI/AAAAAAAAHDo/oDi15GG9C2swvIkYF81RF5_2Ruk_Fdd9gCLcBGAs/s1600/Currey%2Bloyalist-flag.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Climbing My Family Tre: United Empire Loyalist Flag" border="0" data-original-height="250" data-original-width="500" height="200" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-iDZSyv-IrPQ/W2kfY6-WgDI/AAAAAAAAHDo/oDi15GG9C2swvIkYF81RF5_2Ruk_Fdd9gCLcBGAs/s400/Currey%2Bloyalist-flag.gif" title="United Empire Loyalist Flag" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">It is, perhaps, a good thing that much of my early research on my paternal side of the family had to do with Canadian history (since many of the Scotts-rooted and Irish-rooted branches of the family tree emigrated through Canada and the pre-Canadian British colonies in the north). Because I've read so many blogs written by Canadian genea-bloggers, and histories written by Canadian authors, I know how special it is, from the Canadian perspective, to have a U. E. Loyalist in the family. As an American, I knew it would probably not politic to post this on July 4, because to have a U. E. Loyalist in the family means that they fought on the "other side” of the Revolutionary war and that would disappoint some of my family.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Joshua Currey, my fifth great-grandfather, on my Dad’s side, was born in about December 1741 to Richard Currey, Jr (4 Nov 1709- 20 Mar 1806) and Elizabeth Jones (about Dec 1711-14 Feb 1778) in Cortlandtown, Westchester County New York. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In about 1730, </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">Richard Currey, Jr., after marrying Elizabeth Jones, mounted both of them on a single horse, and with all their effects, rode northward into the deep forests of northern Westchester County, which was still occupied by the Algonquins, and bought land in the Peekskill Creek Valley in the Cortlandt Manor (Westchester County, NY, which was then divided into huge tracts of land called Manors [with one owner] and Patents [owned by multiple people]), a few miles back from the Hudson River. At that point, he carved out a home and farm, eventually becoming a large landowner, and raised his family there. Richard and Elizabeth, </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">my sixth great-grandparents,</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"> had at least ten children. I’ve seen some people’s trees with more children listed for them but I’m going with the ones listed in his will as I haven’t been able to confirm any others at this point: Sarah Currey (1736-1770, m. John Jones), my fifth great-grandfather Joshua Currey, Stephen Currey (1742-1830, m. Frances Moore), Jemima Currey (1744-1825, m. Elisha Horton, Sr), Richard Currey (1750-1835, m. Sarah Ferris), Phoebe Currey (??-??, m. John Sherwood), Elizabeth Currey (??-??, m. Robert Wright), Mary Currey (??- 1806, m. John Smith), Martha Currey (??-??, m. </span><u style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">?</u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"> Sherwood) and Rachel Currey (? - before 1806, m. William Lane).</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2l6Z2YArDSY/W2kieaTuGOI/AAAAAAAAHD0/1TtCkV_zK6M1UDTijncO1tQ1F2r90h74QCLcBGAs/s1600/Currey%2BWestchester-County-NY.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Climbing My Family Tree: New York State with Westchester County in red" border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="787" height="303" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2l6Z2YArDSY/W2kieaTuGOI/AAAAAAAAHD0/1TtCkV_zK6M1UDTijncO1tQ1F2r90h74QCLcBGAs/s400/Currey%2BWestchester-County-NY.png" title="New York State with Westchester County in red" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">New York State (now rather than then, unfortunately) with Westchester County in red<br />
<span style="font-size: 12.8px;">By User:Rcsprinter123 [<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0" target="_blank">CC BY-SA 3.0</a> ], via Wikimedia Commons</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In a short biographical article on one of his descendants, amongst the section that talks about his family history it reports that ”when Joshua grew two years of understanding, he married”. I don’t know what that means in terms of how old he was, but he married Eunice Travis, born in about 1750, daughter of Justus Meade Travis (abt 1728-abt 1793); I’ve been unable to find out who her mother is. Joshua owned 144 acres and farmed near his father’s lands in the Manor of Cordtland. He and Eunice had a beautiful house on that land and had six children born there: Richard Currey (1765-1857, m. Rebecca Dykeman), my 4<sup>th</sup> great-grandfather David Currey, Sr (1767-1827, m. Dorothy Estey, Gilbert Currey (1771-1857, m. Sarah Oakley), and Eunice Phoebe Currey (1780-1845, m. Moses Dykeman).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In the years after 1771, the local political climate had become tense. There were more Loyalists New York than in any other colony. It broke down to about 50 percent Patriots and 50 percent Loyalists, although historians agree that both sides were more American than British. It’s just that the Patriots did not see a way of reconciling with Great Britain and stood for independence as a separate country, and Loyalists stood for the recognition of law as against rebellion in any form, for the unity of the Empire as opposed to a separate independent existence of the colonies, and for monarchy instead of Republicanism. The Loyalists wanted the freedoms colonists had grown to enjoy across the ocean from Great Britain and reform of the oppressive taxation without representation system currently in place, but they were conservatives in their approach as to how to achieve this. History is written from the point of view of the victor: because the Patriots won the war fought against the British from 1775 to 1783, it is known as the Revolutionary War, the American War for Independence, or Our Rebellion. Had the British won, the war would likely have become known as the North American continent’s first Civil War. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In August 1775, New York Patriots determined that as the Loyalists were so numerous, regulations must be adopted to control them or the whole cause was in jeopardy and made a resolution that anyone found guilty of furnishing supplies to the British Army and Navy was to be disarmed and to forfeit to New York double the value of the articles they supplied and were to be imprisoned for three months after the forfeiture was paid. A second offense would be followed by banishment from the colony for seven years. By 1776, Loyalists were being arrested for arming to support the British or aiding the enemy in any way; harboring or associating with Tories (another name for Loyalists); recruiting soldiers; refusing to muster with local Patriot forces; corresponding with Loyalists or with the British; refusing to sign a document saying that they were Patriots; denouncing or refusing to obey congresses and committees; writing or speaking against the American cause; rejecting continental money; refusing to give up arms; drinking the king’s health; inciting or taking part in Tory plots and riots; being royal officers; and for trying to remain neutral. Mere suspicion was sufficient cause for seizure and imprisonment. All the property of those who adhered to the King or helped him in his war against the states was made liable to seizure.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">Unlike his father and brothers, who supported the colonists, Joshua Currey sided with the British. This put his life in danger. At one time he had to hide under the floor of his house to escape the anger of the revolutionists, and his son David was nearly killed by them by being buried in a sandpit. He was also fined a number of times for failing to attend musters of the local Patriot militia. He was driven from his home and family, and forced to live in the woods, “skulking about, watching to see when it might be safe to return home.”</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">In Westchester County, the farms, stock, crops, </span>and<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"> furniture of Loyalists were seized and sold before December 6, 1776. By March 1777, Joshua had joined the British Army, he and his family leaving home in the dead of night and traveling 300 miles to the nearest British camp, where they found protection from Sir William Howe, Commander-in-Chief of the British forces in North America. Joshua first served with Major-General Tryon, commander of British Forces on Long Island, NY, and subsequently served with a section of the Loyal American Regiment (or LAR, which was primarily made up of Loyalists from Westchester County and lower Dutchess County) known as the Guides and Pioneers, under Colonel Beverly Robinson which put him at the forefront of any action against Patriot forces. In the Guides and Pioneers, Joshua was promoted to lieutenant.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/--BihySwuFNA/W2kmq64_M3I/AAAAAAAAHEA/YRxViCoGSUIalQUmg68FMWxsnpX9-LopwCLcBGAs/s1600/Currey%2B-%2BThe%2BMemorial%2Bof%2BJoshua%2BCurrey%2B01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Climbing My Family Tree: First Page of Memorial Of Joshua Currey, claim for reparations" border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1157" height="400" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/--BihySwuFNA/W2kmq64_M3I/AAAAAAAAHEA/YRxViCoGSUIalQUmg68FMWxsnpX9-LopwCLcBGAs/s400/Currey%2B-%2BThe%2BMemorial%2Bof%2BJoshua%2BCurrey%2B01.jpg" title="First Page of Memorial Of Joshua Currey, claim for reparations" width="288" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">First Page of Memorial Of Joshua Currey, claim for reparations<br />
Photo taken by H.C., used with permission<br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">His family had presumed him dead as they had not seen him until the end of the war. After his service with the LAR, he worked as a refugee farmer behind the British lines, in Morrisania</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">, in what is now the Bronx. The war officially ended with the treaty of peace and separation in 1783. The English government tried to provide for their Loyalist subjects in America through the terms of the Treaty. The fourth article of the Treaty stated that creditors on each side should "meet with no lawful impediment” to recover all their debts in sterling money. The fifth article held that the Congress of the United States should recommend to the states the restoration of the rights and possessions of ”real British subjects” and of Loyalists who had not born arms against their countrymen. All other Loyalists were given the liberty to go into any state within 12 months to adjust their affairs and to recover their confiscated property upon paying the purchasers the sale price. The sixth article stated that no future confiscation should be made, that imprisoned Loyalists should be released, and no further persecutions should be permitted. The Congress sent the “recommendations” to the states</span> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">but stated that they had no power to enforce them. The state of New York felt no obligation to restore Tory lands and to allow the returning Loyalists to be treated as fellow citizens. The provisions of the Treaty were rejected and the New York legislature declared that the forfeited and taken property should not be returned since England had offered no compensation for property which had been destroyed. Loyalists who returned under the treaty of peace were insulted, tarred and feathered, beaten, whipped and otherwise assaulted. The New York legislature also revoked the voting rights of any who had served under the British finding them guilty of treason. Therefore, most New York Loyalists chose to become exiles.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8IOzqn8I6Ts/W2knfRuK65I/AAAAAAAAHEI/hNe7D-ZhRH8NKTWNsHCSvVgMxpSPABFpwCLcBGAs/s1600/Currey%2BBritish%2BFleet%2BReady%2Bto%2BLeave%2BNew%2BYork%252C%2B1783.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Climbing My Family Tree: The British Fleet Ready to Leave New York, 1783" border="0" data-original-height="198" data-original-width="427" height="185" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8IOzqn8I6Ts/W2knfRuK65I/AAAAAAAAHEI/hNe7D-ZhRH8NKTWNsHCSvVgMxpSPABFpwCLcBGAs/s400/Currey%2BBritish%2BFleet%2BReady%2Bto%2BLeave%2BNew%2BYork%252C%2B1783.gif" title="The British Fleet Ready to Leave New York, 1783" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">In the public domain. Click to make bigger</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The British Army could see the way things were going, and the officers petitioned the Crown to allow for ships and supplies to resettle their loyal subjects, now refugees, in other British colonies. Over the next six months, 30,000 Loyalist refugees would take ship to Nova Scotia, with almost half going to the St. John River Valley area. Because of the huge influx of citizens, the new province of New Brunswick was separated from Nova Scotia in 1784. (For the most part civilian refugees were sent to Nova Scotia and former military refugees were sent to what became New Brunswick, along the strategically valuable Bay of Fundy.) Each family received two tents, and one and a half blankets per person; each man received 4 yards of woolen cloth, 7 yards of linen cloth, two pairs of shoes, two pairs of stockings, one pair of mittens; each woman received 3 yards of woolen cloth, six charts of linen, one pair of shoes, one pair of stockings, and one pair of mittens; each child over the age of 10, received 3 yards of woolen cloth, 6 yards of linen, one pair of stockings, and one pair of mittens; each child under 10, received 1 ½ yards of wool and 3 yards of linen. They were also given provisions for the trip to Nova Scotia and were to be given one year‘s provisions thereafter. The weekly ration consisted of 1 pound of flour per person, half a pound of meat (either beef or pork), a tiny amount of butter, a half a pound of oatmeal a week and a half of pound of pease per week and a little rice. Some areas had molasses and vinegar but they were rare. The settlers could supplement the provisions with hunting and fishing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">In the fall of 1783, Joshua and his family evacuated with the British forces to the St. John River Valley and received a land grant upriver around Gagetown, New Brunswick. My 4</span><sup style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">th</sup><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"> great-grandfather David Currey, Sr., was 16 at the time the family arrived at St. John’s (then Nova Scotia).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Joshua later presented a claim to the commission for inquiring into the Losses, Services, and Claims, of the American Loyalists. He was one of only 500 New Brunswick Loyalists to do so. Joshua stated that he had lost 103 acres in the Manor of Cortlandt for which he paid 400 pounds was worth 500 pounds now, 36 acres of woodland also in Cortlandt Manor which he had cleared and values now at 5 pounds per acre, and 5 acres adjacent which he was once offered 10 pounds per acre for. He also had the following confiscated and sold by the NY government: two oxen (40 pounds), six cows (60), an ox, (10) young six young cattle (10), 55 sheep (27), 18 hogs (10), eight horses (00), 30 acres of wheat (40 pounds per acre… 60), 10 acres of rye (at 20… 10; farming utensils and household (100 pounds); furniture (450 pounds); losses sustained for being out of possession of said estate for nine years (1610.10 pounds). No one received all that they requested on their claims; the average payout was one-third to one-half of value asked. I don’t know what Joshua received.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Second and Third Pages of Memorial Of Joshua Currey, claim for reparations<br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">They spent this first year in or near St. John as they had arrived just before winter. The late fall was wet and cold, and the first snow fell on November 2<sup>nd</sup> – 6 inches! Those who had arrived earlier had started building log cabins and wood sheds for shelter for the winter, but many of those who arrived in late fall had to spend the winter in pitched tents covered in spruce branches for insulation. It snowed a lot that winter, which turned out to be a benefit as the six feet of snow around the tents helped keep out the bitter cold. Many families slept in shifts throughout the night to keep a fire going to keep the family from freezing </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">(and not burn down the tent)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">. Many women and children died that winter. Men hunted bear and moose to feed their families as the delivery of the promised provisions was erratic, at best. As spring came on, and the two-foot thick ice on the river and bay thawed, they also fished, and trapped pigeons, and ate fiddlehead ferns and the leaves of the trees. One account said the people cheered when the first schooner arrived carrying cornmeal and rye.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">For Joshua and his family, as for many, their new life was a hard life, and a step backward from the comfort of their New York estate to the hard work of prior generations. In the spring they moved upriver to lands near Gagetown. He and his sons had to clear the land they bought in the parishes of Gagetown & Canning as it was a dense forest, chopping down trees and lopping off limbs to make the long trunks easier to transport; and the stumps had to be burned or dug out before the family could plow and plant crops. All this was done by people working together by hand because no one had been able to bring teams of oxen or horses on the ships. Potatoes </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">and beans </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">were planted amongst the burned stumps the first year and did well.</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A Loyalist Family Starts Anew<br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The British government eventually sent seeds “for garden and farm”. By July 1784, the British government distributed an ax, a hoe, a spade, and a plow to every two families; a whipsaw and a crosscut saw to every fourth family; and a set of carpenter’s tools to every five families. Later, a cow was given to every two families, and one bull per neighborhood.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The first homes the new settlers built were simple log cabins consisting of round logs, from 5 to 20 feet in length, laid horizontally over each other, and bound at the corners, with the seams packed with moss and clay. Chimneys were built of stacked stone set in clay. A few rafters would be put up to hold a roof which was made of bark tied to thin poles laid across and tied to the roof frame. It might have had a framed floor or it might have been dirt initially. If they put in windows, they were small. Later, in 1789, Joshua built his family a large frame and brick home.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">After life settled down, Joshua and Eunice had two more children in St. John County: Daniel Travis Curry (1785-22 June 1867; m. Elizabeth “Betsy” Scribner) and Joshua Curry, Jr (?? – aft 1802). As the initial hardships disappeared, the people became comfortable and prosperous, for the land was fertile, and the early sacrifices made for loyalty to King and Empire became more of something to brag about than to complain about.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In November 1789, Lord Dorchester requested the council at Quebec “to put a mark of honor upon the families who adhered to the unity of the empire and joined the Royal Standard in America before the Treaty of Separation in the year 1783”. The council concurred. Accordingly, all Loyalists who fit that description “were to be distinguished by the letters U.E. [United Empire] affixed to their names, alluding to their great principle, the unity of the Empire.” A Registry of these U.E. Loyalists was ordered to be kept and for twenty years names were added to this list. Joshua Currey is on the list.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Joshua Currey died at age 60 on 20 September 1802. He must have realized he was dying because that is also the day he drafted his will. He was survived by his wife and all of his children. In his will, he said, in pertinent part (with legalese translated into English, in brackets, where unnecessarily convoluted),<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">“I give and bequeath to Eunus, my dearly beloved wife the whole of my property both real and personal during such time as shall be and continue my widow and no Longer [if she remarried, the property was to be distributed as if she were dead].<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">“I also give and bequeath to my son Richard Currey the sum of 5 pounds and to my son David the sum of 2 pounds ten shillings and to my son Gilbert the sum of 1 pound 5 shillings and to my son Joshua the sum of 25 pounds to be in the care of Richard and David Currey. And five shillings I gave to my daughter Phebe Dickman and all that remain of my estate to my son Daniel Currey. [He named his] dearly beloved sons Richard Currey and David Currey to be my … executors [and states they are to be paid from the estate in the amount the law directs].“ <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">He was buried in Chase Cemetery, Gagetown, New Brunswick, Canada.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">The wills of Richard Currey, and Joshua Currey (Found at Ancestry.com); <i>Old Sands Street Methodist Episcopal Church, of Brooklyn NY, an illustrated Centennial record, historical and biographical, </i>by the Rev. Edwin Warriner, corresponding secretary of the New York conference historical Society (New York: Phillips & Hunt, 805 Broadway. 1885), p. 441; Joshua Currey’s Claim for Reparations, The National Archives of the UK; Kew, Surrey, England; American Loyalist Claims, Series I; Class: AO 13; Piece: 098; <i>The Journal of the Rev. Silas Constant, Pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Yorktown NY, With Some of the records of the Church and a List of His marriages, 1784-1825, Together with notes on the Nelsons, Van Cortlandt, Warren, and some other families Mentioned in the Journal by Silas Constant</i>, Emily Warren Roebling, (Printed for Private Circulation by J.B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, 1903), p. 116 (<a href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=L0kVAAAAYAAJ&pg=GBS.PA116">https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=L0kVAAAAYAAJ&pg=GBS.PA116</a>) ; <a href="https://earlyamericanists.com/2014/02/18/was-the-american-revolution-a-civil-war/">https://earlyamericanists.com/2014/02/18/was-the-american-revolution-a-civil-war/</a> ; <a href="https://www.historyextra.com/period/georgian/facts-american-war-of-independence-declaration-battle-yorktown-george-iii-colonies/">https://www.historyextra.com/period/georgian/facts-american-war-of-independence-declaration-battle-yorktown-george-iii-colonies/</a> ; <i>The King’s Men: Loyalist military units in the American Revolution, Hudson Valley and New York City Loyalists</i>: <a href="http://www.nyhistory.net/drums/kingsmen_02.htm%20/">http://www.nyhistory.net/drums/kingsmen_02.htm /</a>; <a href="http://www.royalprovincial.com/military/rhist/g&p/gphist.htm">http://www.royalprovincial.com/military/rhist/g&p/gphist.htm</a>; <i>United Empire Loyalists, Second Report of the Bureau of Archives for the Province of Ontario, part 1</i> by Alexander Fraser, Provincial Archivist, 1904; <a href="http://www.uelac.org/">http://www.uelac.org/</a> ; <a href="http://www.uelac.org/Loyalist-Info/loyalist_list.php?letter=c">http://www.uelac.org/Loyalist-Info/Loyalist_list.php?letter=c</a> ; <a href="http://www.uelac.org/Loyalist-Info/detail.php?letter=c&line=863">http://www.uelac.org/Loyalist-Info/detail.php?letter=c&line=863</a> ; <a href="http://www.uelac.org/Loyalist-Trails/2012/Loyalist-Trails-2012.php?issue=201223">http://www.uelac.org/Loyalist-Trails/2012/Loyalist-Trails-2012.php?issue=201223</a> ; <i>History of New Brunswick</i>, by Peter Fish (as originally published in 1825, with a few additional explanatory note, reprinted jointly by The Government of New Brunswick & William Shives Fisher, grandson of the author, under the auspices of the New Brunswick Historical Society, St. John, N.B. 1921); “<i>Evacuation Day”, 1783 Its Many Stirring Events: With Recollections of Capt. John Van Arsdale</i>, by James Riker (New York 1883); <i>The Loyalists of New Brunswick</i>, by Esther Clark Wright (Lancelot Press, Windsor N.S. 1955; <i><span style="color: #222222;">A </span></i>Biographical Sketch of Lemuel Allen Currey and Biographical Sketch of John Zebulon Currie, <i><span style="color: #222222;">Cyclopedia of Canadian biography, being chiefly men of the time. A collection of persons distinguished in professional and political life; leaders in the commerce and industry of Canada, and successful pioneers</span></i><span style="color: #222222;">, by George MacLean Rose, (Toronto: Rose Publishing Company. 1888.); </span>Biographical Sketch of Frank A. Curry. <i>Biographical history of Westchester County New York</i>, illustrated. Volume II (The Lewis Publishing Company. Chicago: 1889, pp. 974-977.); <i>New Brunswick Loyalists of the War of the American Revolution, </i>New York Genealogical and Biographical Society Record, Vol 35-36 1904-1905, Oct., p.277-<b>281; </b><i>Planters, Paupers, and Pioneers, English Settlers in Atlantic Canada</i>, by Lucille H. Campey (The Dundurn Group, Toronto CA, 2010); <i>Tories: Fighting for the King in America’s First Civil War</i> by Thomas B. Allen (Harper Collins E-books, 2010; <i>Loyalism in New York during the American Revolution</i> by Alexander Clarence Flick, Ph.D (New York, Columbia University Press, 1901); <i>Loyalist Regiments of the American Revolutionary War 1775-1783</i>, by Stuart Salmon, Ph.D. Dissertation, 2009; and <a href="https://www.uwyo.edu/numimage/currency.htm">https://www.uwyo.edu/numimage/currency.htm</a>. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<div class="blogger-post-footer">© 2013 to present. Jo Allison Henn
If you would like to use anything featured on this post for non-commercial purposes, please credit and link back to this blog. If you wish to use any of the material on this site for other means, please seek the written permission of Jo Allison Henn (email address is on Contact Me page).
</div>Jo Hennhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17566276500934815959noreply@blogger.com19tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4967992205144808298.post-28581912185289030322018-08-06T02:31:00.000-04:002018-08-06T02:32:15.529-04:00A Slight Detour<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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I've not been posting because recently I was contacted by three (separate) adoptees looking for their birth families with whom I share (or Dad shares) varying amounts of DNA. I've spent a good portion of the last few months trying to help them figure out where they might fit in my tree. For one person I had to extend a couple branches on my Dad's side of the family tree several generations further up than I'd gotten to figure out the shared ancestor. I helped to the best I could, but am leaving the research down the tree that isn't on my direct line to them (or whoever they hire) to do it.<br />
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In the course of all that research, I came across two very interesting people on Dad's side who I'd like to share with you before I flip back to continuing to work on Mom's side of the family. Well, I found more than two people interesting, but I'm committed to working on Mom's side at least until I get stuck again. These two, however, just insisted on having their stories told now, instead of months later. One will go up this week after I find some illustrative pictures to add, and the other will go up after I do a bit more research and write the post, so perhaps next month as I've company coming soon. I hope you'll tune in to enjoy these fascinating people,<div class="blogger-post-footer">© 2013 to present. Jo Allison Henn
If you would like to use anything featured on this post for non-commercial purposes, please credit and link back to this blog. If you wish to use any of the material on this site for other means, please seek the written permission of Jo Allison Henn (email address is on Contact Me page).
</div>Jo Hennhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17566276500934815959noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4967992205144808298.post-42489563847743256462018-04-24T00:20:00.002-04:002018-04-24T00:57:56.258-04:00Don B Snyder. Part 13: Women<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
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<span style="color: #538135; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This is Part 13 of a 13-part blog series sharing my Grand-uncle Don’s life story, in his own words, via an autobiography sent to me by Don’s grandson, Ron Oldfield, after Ron stumbled across one of my prior posts about his grandfather. It is shared with the permission of both of Don’s children and Ron Oldfield. [Note – Anything in brackets with green type is my added explanation of something in Don’s text.]</span><span style="color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">One time my wife, Florence tried to talk me into moving to Florida. I said no. I had just got out of debt, things were going good. As the kids were gone we enjoyed our company very much. We kind of hated to see them go but they had a life with their husbands and kids. Time passed by and occasionally she would talk again about moving down there. What I didn’t know was my brother would call her when I was at work. He lived beside the <st1:placename w:st="on">Withlacoochee</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype> in <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Florida</st1:place></st1:state> and owned a house across from his and wanted me to rent it from him. His wife had Alzheimer’s and his purpose was to have Florence look after her so he could play golf, etc. We did move and it took me three months to get my barber’s license. I think the rebels didn’t like us yanks coming down there taking customers away from them. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Levy_County_Florida_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Inglis_Highlighted.svg <br />By Arkyan [<a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html" target="_blank">GFDL</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0" target="_blank">CC-BY-SA-3.0 </a> or <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5" target="_blank">CC BY-SA 2.5</a>] via Wikimedia Commons ]</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I rented a nice shop that had been a lawyer’s office in this little town of <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Inglis</st1:place></st1:city> on Route 19. I had only worked about a month when I came home about 5:30 P.M. <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Florence</st1:place></st1:city> had cooked a nice meal and as we were eating she told me her heart had been hurting her all day. I asked, “why didn’t you tell Clarence so he could come and let me know?” She was a quiet lady and didn’t want to bother anyone. I wanted to take her to the hospital but she didn’t want to go. I insisted and she let me take her there. I did and I put in emergency. An hour or so later they told me she wasn’t going to make it. I couldn’t believe it. I was shocked. I said, “you mean die?” They said yes. I went into the waiting room so she couldn’t see me crying. I was stunned. She had told me a couple days before that she was glad that was over. I asked what and she replied that she had the ‘ague’ all week. That’s lung inflammation. I said, “why didn’t you tell me?” Her, being a quiet person, she didn’t want to bother me. The doctors said it was a virus that had left her lungs and settled in her heart. She had been taking a lot of prescription drugs and had lost her immunity. She woke up the next day, smiled and told me “I love you,” then went back to sleep and a half hour later she died. A team of doctors tried hard to save her but couldn’t do so. As they left my doctor passed by and I asked him “did she die?” He nodded yes and I saw tears in his eyes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I had her flown to <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Findlay</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">Ohio</st1:state></st1:place> where I will be buried with her. She was a very good wife and we had 21 years of happiness. I think I said that before, but it’s worth repeating. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">We have all done a lot of good things and I don’t want to say bad things, but I will say things that we regret. I’ve done my share of that. I feel I shouldn’t mention them, but I will.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">When I was nineteen and winning most of my fights, I met a woman named Mae that I thought was not just pretty, but beautiful. She also had a good personality and a stunning figure. She had just arrived in town with her sister who was also pretty. I had the main go in the fight that night and I stopped to pick up the semi-finalist. He wanted them to go with us. Her sister said ok and she hesitated. I felt “hell no!” she wouldn’t want to go with me, so I acted as if I didn’t care, but she said yes. Later she told me that she was not going to let me snub her, so that’s why she went. We got them ringside seats and I knocked out my opponent. The next day I accidentally met them in a restaurant and asked her if she would go out with me that night and she said yes. We dated every night till the following Thursday. She came and saw me fight again and I won easily. Later I said, “what do you want to do tonight?” She said “let’s get married,” so we did. I was in seventh heaven and she was happy, too. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">We talked a lot. She was honest with me and had told me she had been married five times. It didn’t bother me. I always thought one should not be too critical about another’s past. It’s now and the future that counts. In all the time I knew her, I never asked her about her past and she never told me about it. After we were married, her 16-year-old sister was going to church and met another girl and they became friends. Once my wife met the girl’s mother and I noticed them talking friendly as if she knew her. Later I asked her about it. She said her picture had been in the news all over the country about her having been married five times while being under 23 years of age. The girl’s mother had seen her picture in the paper and thought she lived in <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Little Rock</st1:place></st1:city>. The lady recognized her.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I was a hothead and we got in an argument. I packed my suitcase and with her crying and holding on to my arm, I left. I dearly loved her and she always said she loved me. We would get together sometimes but I didn’t feel that I could afford to have her living the lifestyle she was used to, so even though she kept asking me to live with her, I said no. Six months later she left town and moved to <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Pittsburgh</st1:place></st1:city> and married an old boyfriend who had a top job in a big corporation. Every time she came to <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Findlay</st1:place></st1:city> she would look me up. I met her once in <st1:city w:st="on">Lima</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">Ohio</st1:state> and once in <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Toledo</st1:place></st1:city>. When I was active in the union and would travel out of town she would find where I was and call and say she loved me. Once, I was in <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Cleveland</st1:place></st1:city> at a wage conference, no one knew where I was. At two o’clock in the morning, I got a phone call from her telling me she still loved me. I never did find out how she managed that. She had a lady friend in <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Findlay</st1:place></st1:city> that knew me, maybe that’s how. Anyways, I went in the army in 1940. Once, I was in the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Philippines</st1:place></st1:country-region> and was about to go on a dangerous patrol and the mail came in and oh boy, I got a letter. Guess what, it was from her, wishing me well and still saying she loved me. A few years later I had remarried Ardith and one night at two A.M. the phone rang. It was her saying she loved me and wanted to go back with me. I said I couldn’t as Ardyth and I had remarried. She said something about not having much time. I figured she was looking for sympathy and Ardyth could hear every word. I didn’t want to do it but I asked her to not call me anymore. She was crying when we hung up. Three months later I was getting gas for my car and the attendant putting in the gas was her friend’s husband. He commented that it was too bad that my ex-wife had died. I said “what!” and he repeated it. I broke out crying and asked him when. He replied about three months ago. That would be close to when she last called. He showed me an obituary column with her picture in it. The heading was “<st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Pittsburgh</st1:place></st1:city> beauty dies,” etc. God, fifty-two years later and I still love her. What amazed me was the fact that I was short, had a good job, but no future. She was two inches taller than me and she didn’t care. Sometimes she wore high heeled shoes but didn’t mind. What fooled me was she could have any tall good looking man but chose me.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Another thing that always will bother me is a waitress I was going with. I went in the army and asked her to come to <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Mississippi</st1:place></st1:state>. She did, rode down with the 1<sup>st</sup> sergeant’s wife. She was separated from her husband for a year and we had talked about her getting a divorce, and getting married. Her husband had been inducted in the army, came to our company and I was his platoon sergeant. She and the 1<sup>st</sup> sergeant’s wife came to our company and parked. Just then her husband was on KP and walked into the kitchen and saw her in the car. They did not talk but a few days later he said to me “I see you are going with my wife.” I was embarrassed but said yes. He didn’t seem mad, but I had a guilty conscience so I had him transferred to another platoon. He didn’t say anything about it and we got along. After three months I had her go back home as I couldn’t afford it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Later I got a furlough and went back home. That’s when I met Ardith. She worked in the same restaurant that Mae had worked. A friend of mine worked there and introduced us. Wow, I went for her like a ton of bricks. He wanted me to go out with her that night and I kept saying no. I finally said yes and we went to his house. I fell for her and she me. I didn’t love my girlfriend, but I did like her. Anyways, I wanted to be honest and told her. She accepted it and didn’t seem mad. Years later she married twice and her husbands died. We kept in touch and later she had a stroke that paralyzed her whole left side thus going to a nursing home. I felt sorry for her and it was 15 miles away but every two weeks I would visit her and take her some cakes or candy. I had remarried and I told my wife and she got peeved. I said, “my god, she is helpless and in continual pain.” From then on I didn’t tell her and she didn’t ask. This went on for about 10 or 12 years. When I would leave she would always say “I love you.” I wanted to reply the same but I was married and just couldn’t say so. I was going in the hospital for open-heart surgery and she worried about me and asked me to call her and tell her how I made out. I went in the hospital on Monday and didn’t get out till Friday. Of course, I couldn’t drive and since she had no phone in her room I didn’t call her till Saturday. When I called, the manager asked if I was a relative. I was thinking “it’s none of your damn business,” but being the nice guy I am (sarcasm) just said “a friend.” He replied, “she died last night from a heart attack.” I felt terrible and do to this day. The funeral was 20 miles away and since I couldn’t drive, I didn’t make it. In a way, I’m kind of glad I couldn’t, as I have a very guilty conscience.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I mentioned Ardith, whom I married. We had two children. A son, Phillip, and a daughter named Kathryn (Kathy). We were married for nine years, divorced for one year, and remarried for nine more years and divorced again. It was after that that I married Florence Fry who had four children. We had a very happy 21 years being together. After she died, things changed much to my disappointment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #538135; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Other Related Posts (links):</span><span style="color: #111111; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2014/02/52-ancestors-7-don-b-snyder-1918-2012.html"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration-line: none;">52 Ancestors: #7 Don B. Snyder (1918-2012)</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2017/01/don-snyders-fall.html"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration-line: none;">Don Snyder's Fall</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/a-treasure-to-share.html"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration-line: none;">A Treasure to Share</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/don-b-snyder-part-1-riding-rails-i.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 1 – Riding The Rails 1, Growing Up</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/don-b-snyder-part-2-athletic-show-in.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 2 – Athletic Shows</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/don-b-snyder-part-3-civilian.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 3 – Civilian Conservation Corps</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-riding-rails-2-coming-home.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 4: Riding the Rails 2; Coming home</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-5-joining-army.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder, Part 5: Joining the Army</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-6-pygmies-of-new.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder, Part 6: The Pygmies of New Guinea</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-7-japs.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder, Part 7: The Japs</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-8-shot-in-leg.html" target="_blank"><span style="background: white; text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 8: Shot in the Leg </span></a></span><span style="background: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-9-army-boxing.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 9: Army Boxing</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="background: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-this-is-part-10-of-13-part.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 10: Cooper Tire</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-11-barber.html" target="_blank"><span style="background: white; text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 11: Barber</span></a></span><span style="background: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-12-caving.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b5394;">Don B Snyder. Part 12: Caving </span></a></span></div>
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</div>Jo Hennhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17566276500934815959noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4967992205144808298.post-66984632004784239352018-04-21T00:45:00.000-04:002018-04-24T08:31:29.428-04:00Don B Snyder. Part 12: Caving<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Don B Snyder</td></tr>
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<span style="color: #538135; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This is Part 12 of a 13-part blog series sharing my Grand-uncle Don’s life story, in his own words, via an autobiography sent to me by Don’s grandson, Ron Oldfield, after Ron stumbled across one of my prior posts about his grandfather. It is shared with the permission of both of Don’s children and Ron Oldfield. [Note – Anything in brackets with green type is my added explanation of something in Don’s text.]</span></span><span style="color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #538135; font-size: 14pt;">Don’s story: </span><span style="color: #111111; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #111111; font-size: 14pt;">Part 12 - Caving</span><span style="color: #111111; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Exploring caves became my next venture. I took an interest in the ‘wild’ caves. That is a cave that is not commercial. You should always explore with someone in case of an accident or getting lost. I didn’t care for that, so mostly I caved alone. I remember once I was in a wild cave alone and I couldn’t find my way out. Three other guys entered the room and were also lost. They went off and down a level. I’d go down a passage and it would end with a tight crawlspace. I’d go through this and end up where I started. I did this three times and was getting nervous. I thought I’d go down to a lower level. There were a lot of stalagmites in the room I was in. If I’d been experienced I’d have known that most stalagmites are in the upper levels because of water seeping down, forming them. Anyways, I had nothing to lose so I saw an opening to another lower level. I thought “I’ll follow the stream and see where it goes.” The water was above my knees and I hoped it wouldn’t get deep. It didn’t and after going a ways I went around a bend and glory be, I saw a pinpoint of light. Now I hoped it would be big enough to get out. It was and it taught me a lesson. After that, I’d put little cardboard arrows on rocks pointing out.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(from Pixabay.com)</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> There was a stream below <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Sandy</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Cave</st1:placename></st1:place> that went into a hill. The water reached the top of the rock and I couldn’t go in it. At the side of the hill, I found an opening maybe two feet high. It had about two inches of water in it. I crawled back in it to see if a cave was there. I didn’t see one, got nervous and crawled out. Dumb. If I’d have gotten stuck or a rock came down they never would have found me, just like Floyd Collins. Other times I took chances. Some paid off, some didn’t.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Cavers do a lot of climbing and repelling on ropes, 200 or 300 feet more or less. Sometimes at the bottom, one might find a new cave. I’ve only did a bit of that. Ninety feet is the most I’ve done. I had the karabiners etc. plus 80 feet of rope like they did in mountain climbing. It’s a kind of rope that is strong and won’t spin you around. Some cavers in our grotto think nothing of going down 300-400 feet. I knew one young fellow in our grotto who was hooked on repelling down and climbing up in pits. He really knew the caves and pits. One day we were out looking for caves and pits. He lived in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Huntington</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">West Virginia</st1:state></st1:place> with his father. He said, “let me show you our old family farm.” We went down a back road and he stopped and pointed to a house on a hill. No one was living in it, as his father still owned. He said there were two pits there about 50 or 60 feet deep. His great-grandmother and grandfather lived there. The grandfather was mean and had pushed someone or a relative down in one of the pits. Of course, it would kill him. It got his wife mad and one day she pushed him down it. Spider Hall went down all pits, so I asked him if he went down it. He said no and let the matter drop. Maybe he thought there were ghosts there as no one ever went down the pit. I wondered if the law ever investigated it. I doubt it as this was pretty hilly, boondock country and I rather doubt if the law paid too much attention to the area. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sand Cave KY By Nicholas Frost<br />
<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)" target="_blank">CC BY-SA 3.0</a>, from Wikimedia Commons </td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 16pt;">I mentioned Floyd Collins. He was trapped in a cave in Kentucky. They tried to get him out but new cave-ins blocked the passage. It made all the papers countrywide. I was just a kid, but I remember, after dark, paper boys were going through the neighborhoods shouting “extra, extra, read all about it.” It was about Floyd Collins, but I don’t remember what it was all about. They had to call in the National Guard to keep order as crowds and a carnival attitude had gathered. This was hill country and there was a lot of moonshine in the crowd. One little reporter got to him and handed down some soup, etc. His feet were tied down by fallen rocks. More cave-ins stopped them from getting to him. Heavy equipment was called in and a parallel shaft was drilled to him but he was dead, having drowned from seeping water. His family had his coffin put in Crystal Cave, which they owned. I was in that cave once and have a picture of me standing by his coffin. Also a picture of me crouching down in the cave he died in. I kind of wanted to go in aways, but I decided no way.</span> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">(Watch a three-minute news report on </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://youtu.be/HvS6K9AXGW4" target="_blank">The Unfortunate Fate of Floyd Collins</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></span></h1>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I’ve sometimes wondered why anyone would take the chances of exploring caves. I’ve heard of people asking “why do you like that?” The reply is “if you have to ask, you wouldn’t understand,” and I believe it. If one couldn’t cave anymore, one would enjoy just being near the entrance, it being quiet, hearing only the dripping water, etc.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">One time I met two guys (not cavers) and we went into <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Sandy</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Cave</st1:placename></st1:place> together. At the back end of the cave (one-quarter mile back) were two pools of water separated by a mound of dirt. In the right pool was a mudslide down and a little tunnel to the left. They stayed standing above the slide looking down. I told them I was going to check it out to see if it connected with the cave on the other side of the hill. I took off most of my gear as the tunnel was too small. I crawled about 20 feet and found a tunnel (same size) going to my left. I went that way and came to a tunnel going right again. I went in that and it ended in about 15 feet. I looked down and found a flashlight which meant someone else had been there. All of a sudden I discovered it was my flashlight. Then I remembered. Above the left pool was a small tunnel and I had crawled back in it the year before. Then I went back to the pool, went around it and over the mound of dirt. There were the two guys I had been with, looking down the slide. They were probably wondering what had happened to me. I got an idea. I quietly came up behind them and yelled “hey!” They almost jumped out of their shoes. I remember it well and I bet they still do. We left the cave and I never saw them again.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I’ve heard an old tale of using a divining rod to find water. You take a coat hanger one wire in one hand and one wire in the other. Walk slowly and when you get over water it will bend down. I tried it at home and it worked. We tried it on a hill. I walked with it and it went down. I didn’t know of any water there but I remembered it was over a cave.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I’ve caved several times with an elderly lady named Sarah Corrie in our grotto. Although up in years she loved to climb ropes. As a caver, she was almost a legend in the caving circles. Small but agile. I’ve known her to repel several hundred feet. Her one ambition was to repel down <st1:placename w:st="on">Angel</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Falls</st1:placename> in <st1:place w:st="on">South America</st1:place>. No one had ever done that, as it is I think over a thousand feet. I think she could have done it but, unfortunately, she got sick and died of cancer.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Other Related Posts (links):</span><span style="color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2014/02/52-ancestors-7-don-b-snyder-1918-2012.html"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">52 Ancestors: #7 Don B. Snyder (1918-2012)</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2017/01/don-snyders-fall.html"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Don Snyder's Fall</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/a-treasure-to-share.html"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">A Treasure to Share</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/don-b-snyder-part-1-riding-rails-i.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 1 – Riding The Rails 1, Growing Up</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/don-b-snyder-part-2-athletic-show-in.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 2 – Athletic Shows</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/don-b-snyder-part-3-civilian.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 3 – Civilian Conservation Corps</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-riding-rails-2-coming-home.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 4: Riding the Rails 2; Coming home</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-5-joining-army.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder, Part 5: Joining the Army</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-6-pygmies-of-new.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder, Part 6: The Pygmies of New Guinea</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-7-japs.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder, Part 7: The Japs</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-8-shot-in-leg.html" target="_blank"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Don B Snyder. Part 8: Shot in the Leg </span></a></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-9-army-boxing.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 9: Army Boxing</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-this-is-part-10-of-13-part.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 10: Cooper Tire</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-11-barber.html" target="_blank"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Don B Snyder. Part 11: Barber</span></a></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-13-women.html" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;" target="_blank">Don B Snyder. Part 13: Women</a></div>
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<div class="blogger-post-footer">© 2013 to present. Jo Allison Henn
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</div>Jo Hennhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17566276500934815959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4967992205144808298.post-67171861888879077552018-04-19T00:28:00.000-04:002018-04-24T08:32:04.149-04:00Don B Snyder. Part 11: Barber<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
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<span style="color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">This is Part 11 of a 13-part blog series sharing my Grand-uncle Don’s life story, in his own words, via an autobiography sent to me by Don’s grandson, Ron Oldfield, after Ron stumbled across one of my prior posts about his grandfather. It is shared with the permission of both of Don’s children and Ron Oldfield. [Note – Anything in brackets with green type is my added explanation of something in Don’s text.] </span></div>
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<span style="color: #538135; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">(I'm sorry, I've tried and tried to fix the fonts and line spacing on this post, and it's all okay until it posts, then it goes haywire and just won't conform. I've tried for an hour. I'm giving up. What is, is. ) </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">Don’s story: </span><span style="color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Part 11 – Barber<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">I have often thought how foolish that was. I was a top worker on a top job, tire builder as well as inner tube splicer (putting the two ends of the tubes together, plus the valves). I soon realized that jobs were scarce and I couldn’t find one. I took a job sailing on ore boats on the Great Lakes. I kind of liked it but didn’t like being away from my family. One day I was on a detail while leaving Duluth, Minnesota. There was a cold wind and of course, the water was very cold. I asked what we were doing, putting a cable from the bow to the stern. I was told it was a lifeline that you hooked on to as in the fall sometimes it got pretty stormy and the water comes over the sides. I thought “hmm.” After the job was done I went to the captain’s office and told him I would be getting off at Toledo. He was a nice old man and he replied “oh no.” I said “oh yes,” and I did. At that time you could leave any time and it was not held against you. </span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">(See a 2:25 minute YouTube video “<a href="https://youtu.be/IUayi_TVdCc" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Shipping Iron Ore on the Great Lakes, 1955</span></a>”)</span></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Next I worked in the auto plants in Toledo, driving 100 miles round trip each day. Getting laid off, as I had no seniority. One time I got a job with the Gandy Dancers railroad crew. There were about 30 blacks and myself plus another guy my size. They treated us fine. One time I passed a big guy who never talked. He looked at me and said, “you’re going to get schotted.” I wasn’t going to take any crap from him and I said: “what did you say?” He repeated it and I did too. My buddy got nervous and spoke quietly to me “I think he means scorched.” I was bare from the waste up and it was hot. I said, “you mean scorched.” He said yes and we both laughed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Railway workers drag a railway cross tie using tie tongs,<br />
Practical track maintenance, Track series, vol. II, Railway Educational Press, inc., 1916</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Since I couldn’t seem to find a good steady job, I built 250 small lawnmower engines from the castings and assembled them. My neighbor was an engineer and I enjoyed working for him. My wife Ardith suggested I go to barber school. Me! A barber, no way. However, I did change my mind and went to Andrew’s <st1:placename w:st="on">Barber</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">School</st1:placetype> in <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Toledo</st1:place></st1:city> under the G.I. Bill. They paid for my schooling and compensation besides, as I had a combat disability. We had classes for half a day and cut hair the other half. We all seemed to like it and felt sort of bad when we graduated, as we knew we wouldn’t see each other again.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The new students started in the back room where we had about six or seven chairs. Haircuts were 25¢ and facial shaves free. That was not hard to figure as the razors were very sharp and we nicked a lot and sometimes cut a guy. Of course, most of them were down and out on the streets and felt it was nice getting out of the cold and being treated nice. A lot of them got pimples removed (accidentally). Doctors get paid for that but we didn’t.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">One time a middle-aged woman came in and sat in my chair. I asked her what she wanted and she replied “a haircut.” I’d never cut a woman’s hair but I hacked, thinned, cut, and sheared till I had hair all over the floor. She paid her 50¢ and didn’t complain, for which I was glad.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I was interviewed by a barber who had a five-chair shop. I worked for him for nine years. Then I took over another shop where two guys had failed. I made it for nine years and later started another shop. I later moved to <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Florida</st1:place></st1:state> where I had a shop. When my wife died I got lonely and moved back to <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Toledo</st1:place></st1:city>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Other Related Posts (links):</span><span style="color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2014/02/52-ancestors-7-don-b-snyder-1918-2012.html"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">52 Ancestors: #7 Don B. Snyder (1918-2012)</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2017/01/don-snyders-fall.html"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Don Snyder's Fall</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/a-treasure-to-share.html"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">A Treasure to Share</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/don-b-snyder-part-1-riding-rails-i.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 1 – Riding The Rails 1, Growing Up</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/don-b-snyder-part-2-athletic-show-in.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 2 – Athletic Shows</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/don-b-snyder-part-3-civilian.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 3 – Civilian Conservation Corps</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-riding-rails-2-coming-home.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 4: Riding the Rails 2; Coming home</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-5-joining-army.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder, Part 5: Joining the Army</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-6-pygmies-of-new.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder, Part 6: The Pygmies of New Guinea</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-7-japs.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder, Part 7: The Japs</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-8-shot-in-leg.html" target="_blank"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Don B Snyder. Part 8: Shot in the Leg </span></a></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-9-army-boxing.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 9: Army Boxing</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-this-is-part-10-of-13-part.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 10: Cooper Tire</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-12-caving.html" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;" target="_blank">Don B Snyder. Part 12: Caving </a><span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-13-women.html" target="_blank">Don B Snyder. Part 13: Women</a></span></span></div>
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<div class="blogger-post-footer">© 2013 to present. Jo Allison Henn
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</div>Jo Hennhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17566276500934815959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4967992205144808298.post-3512338147873069532018-04-17T00:33:00.000-04:002018-04-24T08:32:28.676-04:00Don B Snyder. Part 10: Cooper Tire<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Don B Snyder</td></tr>
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<span style="color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">This is Part 10 of a 13-part blog series sharing my Grand-uncle Don’s life story, in his own words, via an autobiography sent to me by Don’s grandson, Ron Oldfield, after Ron stumbled across one of my prior posts about his grandfather. It is shared with the permission of both of Don’s children and Ron Oldfield. [Note – Anything in brackets with green type is my added explanation of something in Don’s text.</span><span style="color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">]</span><span style="color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Don’s story: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Part 10: Cooper Tire<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">After the war, I went back to the Cooper Tire Company where I already had eight years of service. I served as a tube splicer and later as a tire builder. My friend Harold Wise was president of the <st1:place w:st="on">Union</st1:place>. He talked me into running as a secretary and I was elected. After Harold’s and my term were up we didn’t run again. His old rival had wanted to be president real bad and he got elected. Shortly after that, at a board meeting, he didn’t get his way on something so he wrote his resignation on paper and went home. He figured they would call him back and he would have his way. Not so, they didn’t. I got a phone call at 2:30 in the morning and they wanted me to take over the Union Presidency. I didn’t want to but they persisted and I finally gave in and said ok. There would be a special election in two months and figured I couldn’t do too much damage in that short time. When the election came they wanted me to run again. I said alright and ended up with no opposition. Surprisingly, I got an idea. The man I replaced had always been a thorn in the side of the union. I picked him out to be on the executive board and he accepted. Sometimes I asked his opinion and this pleased him. Now he couldn’t complain and I ran the show.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">When I was secretary, the vice-president and I served on the job evaluation committee. The company had always wanted this and I did too. The two of us would meet with the treasurer and cost accountant. I had known the treasurer before and felt he was an honest man, which he was. I was not so sure about the other one, but he had little to say. Each job was rated on a point scale which determined how much the rate paid. Skilled jobs got more pay, also lesser jobs got points for dust, dirt, heat, and noise. Most of the 250 different jobs got a raise in pay. Tire building was the highest skilled of jobs. The bead wrappers (women) were making as much money as the tire builders, so they got a cut in wages. Boy, did I make enemies! The women were furious. I had appointed the machine shop steward to the executive board. He was a real nice guy and we got along just fine, but his wife was a bead wrapper and she never forgave me.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-tC8Z-9QnhE4/WtV4MSxVkJI/AAAAAAAAD8g/LGFlS5N4FsEysi6Lel0DoFesL8uKyHxUACLcBGAs/s1600/Cooper-aerial-view-1950s.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Climbing My Family Tree: Aerial View of Cooper Tire - 1950s" border="0" data-original-height="209" data-original-width="350" height="238" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-tC8Z-9QnhE4/WtV4MSxVkJI/AAAAAAAAD8g/LGFlS5N4FsEysi6Lel0DoFesL8uKyHxUACLcBGAs/s400/Cooper-aerial-view-1950s.png" title="Aerial View of Cooper Tire - 1950s" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Aerial View of Cooper Tire - 1950s</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">We had never had a change in our contract with the company, so the first thing I did was to ask for a new contract. The company agreed and we both gained by it. Funny thing. I led the negotiations and wrapped it up. Before we signed it, my time was up and my chief steward, whom I supported to take my place, signed it first. It was my baby, but I had become his chief steward so I signed it second. He never had anything to do with it. The union had been established for six years. I was the only president to change the contract and it was a good one. As chief steward, I often got calls in the middle of the night and sometimes I had to go to the plant to settle things. My wife got fed up with this and wanted me to quit. I had thirteen years of seniority and as a union officer had top seniority in the plant. I finally gave in and quit. A year later during a lay-off I went back to the Cooper Tire Company once at 2:00 A.M. The president of the company walked by and I told him it was my last night as I was called back to <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Toledo</st1:place></st1:city>. He tried to talk me out of it. I said “but I lost my seniority.” He said “yes, but you have longevity.” I was going to say ok, but I thought my wife would be mad, so I said no.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Other Related Posts (links):</span><span style="color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2014/02/52-ancestors-7-don-b-snyder-1918-2012.html"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">52 Ancestors: #7 Don B. Snyder (1918-2012)</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2017/01/don-snyders-fall.html"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Don Snyder's Fall</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/a-treasure-to-share.html"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">A Treasure to Share</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/don-b-snyder-part-1-riding-rails-i.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 1 – Riding The Rails 1, Growing Up</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/don-b-snyder-part-2-athletic-show-in.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 2 – Athletic Shows</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-6-pygmies-of-new.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder, Part 6: The Pygmies of New Guinea</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-8-shot-in-leg.html" target="_blank"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Don B Snyder. Part 8: Shot in the Leg </span></a></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-9-army-boxing.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 9: Army Boxing</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-11-barber.html" target="_blank"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Don B Snyder. Part 11: Barber</span></a></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b5394; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-13-women.html" target="_blank">Don B Snyder. Part 13: Women</a></span></span></div>
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</div>Jo Hennhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17566276500934815959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4967992205144808298.post-89537470938025565362018-04-14T04:03:00.002-04:002018-04-24T08:32:55.404-04:00Don B Snyder. Part 9: Army Boxing<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
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<span style="color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">This is Part 3 of a 13-part blog series sharing my Grand-uncle Don’s life story, in his own words, via an autobiography sent to me by Don’s grandson, Ron Oldfield, after Ron stumbled across one of my prior posts about his grandfather. It is shared with the permission of both of Don’s children and Ron Oldfield. [Note – Anything in brackets with green type is my added explanation of something in Don’s text.</span><span style="color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">]</span><span style="color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Part 9: Army Boxing<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I told about boxing on an athletic show. Later I won a golden gloves <span style="color: #38761d;">[boxing title]</span> in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Findlay</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">Ohio</st1:state></st1:place>. After that, I was a runner-up at a 16 county meeting in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Toledo</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">Ohio</st1:state></st1:place>. A close decision. Next, I started fighting on the various cards in various towns. These were all ‘main goes’. I won most of them, I think I might have lost two, plus a few draws.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In the army, they started a boxing tournament in the division (12 to 20,000 men). I wasn’t interested as I didn’t have a chance, or so I thought. Another guy in our company was going in on the novice part. I thought “why not?” I had little to lose. We trained at the division headquarters. I saw guys jumping rope beautiful, others hitting the light bag in perfect timing. Boy, did I make a mistake? I could hit the heavy bag, as I had made one at home. They had me work out with one of the guys. He was easy. Another time working out and he wasn’t up to par. I had heard of ‘gym fighters’, looked excellent but couldn’t fight. These fellows came from all over the country. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In the tournament, I fought two guys. Then I fought a guy from <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Philadelphia</st1:place></st1:city>. I heard he won the division championship at <st1:placename w:st="on">Madison</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Square</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Gardens</st1:placetype> in <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">New York</st1:place></st1:state>. I beat him. Later they said two boxers in the other weights didn’t show so we’d have the championships the next week. I had already beat him and I should have been the champion, not so. I said I’d fight him again. This time also, I felt I’d done it again. But he got the title, pictures, etc. I think there was some shenanigans but I don’t know. The enlisted man in charge was from his regiment. I later heard our battalion commander had canceled all passes and marched them all to see me fight. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Anyways the captain in charge of the team wanted me to still fight with the team against the other camps. I don’t think the champ ever fought after that. Anyways I said ok. McClellan Air Base came to our base to fight. At our camp in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Livingston</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">Louisiana</st1:state></st1:place>, I stopped mine in the second round. Later we went to their base to fight. I had what the camp paper called an unorthodox style. My style was best for me. I first learned to box as a stand-up fighter, throw a punch, block the others. In-fighting requires one to slip and bob and weave and counterpunch as they were coming in. I was built for in-fighting, as I was short and strong. I had been drinking the night before and felt I shouldn’t fight. I told the captain and he said ok. But he told me to put my trunks on. I asked him why and he said it would look better if we had more boxers. I said to myself “why not, even if I was not fighting?” This is funny. The captain must have had this all planned. When it came to the light weight’s turn he looked at me and said: “O.K. Snyder, get in there.” I said, “no, you said I didn’t need to!” Then he said, “get him, guys.” It must have been planned as four guys picked me up bodily and carried me feet first to the ring and shoved me in with me yelling “no, no!” The crowd was laughing and I thought “what the hell, why not?” So I laughed too and said ok. I wondered later what in the world was my opponent thinking, seeing this. Anyways, he was easy. I clinched with him in the second round and said, “I’m going to deck you in the next round.” The referee must have heard this, as he stopped the fight and raised my hand. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The next fight was at Camp Van Dorn, Mississippi. Anyways after the first round there, they asked me “how is he?” I said “easy, he don’t know anything.” Wrong. I seen it coming, but too late. We had clinched and he butted me with his head. There is an artery that is below the eyebrow and his head ruptured it. The blood just gushed out. I clinched with him and my arm slid down his back with the blood. Of course, I couldn’t see and was choking on the blood, as it was running in my mouth. They couldn’t seem to be able to stop it. They then led me to my corner and still couldn’t stop it. From somewhere a doctor showed up and put something cold and sticky on it and the blood stopped running. It must have looked like a slaughterhouse. As for who won, I assumed I did, as a butt is illegal. At the hospital, they stitched it up. They had a young, good-looking guy and were finishing him up. He had stitches all over his face real bad. The blacks and whites were segregated then. I was told he was coming from a movie to his barracks through the black section and they jumped him and really worked him over. We left later but were told the whites drove armored cars through the area and when they would see someone they would jump off and stick him in the rear end with a bayonet. Maybe true, maybe not, but things like that didn’t get put up in the papers. <span style="color: #38761d;">[Camp Van Dorn and its civilian environs were the sites of significant interracial tensions during the WWII years involving African-American troops stationed in a segregated section of the Camp. Both whites and blacks were noted as aggressors in differing incidents. Those tensions manifested as general harassment, fights, excessive discipline, assault, and at least one murder of an African-American serviceman. A book that came out in the 1980's, which was later turned into a documentary, which alleged that 1220 African American troops were murdered at Camp Van Dorn by white servicemen in one night. The Army and the local Congressman conducted an investigation after the book came out, and found no evidence of a wholesale slaughter of troops. This is not to say that none of the other incidents occurred; there were numerous witnesses of the other incidences of racism and harassment and they could not be dismissed.] </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">That was the end of my fighting in the army as we soon went overseas. After the war, I took up fighting in the various towns in northwestern <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Ohio</st1:place></st1:state>. Most all of these fights were main events for me and I did get a few headlines in the papers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Other Related Posts (links):</span><span style="color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2014/02/52-ancestors-7-don-b-snyder-1918-2012.html"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">52 Ancestors: #7 Don B. Snyder (1918-2012)</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2017/01/don-snyders-fall.html"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Don Snyder's Fall</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/a-treasure-to-share.html"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">A Treasure to Share</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/don-b-snyder-part-1-riding-rails-i.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 1 – Riding The Rails 1, Growing Up</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/don-b-snyder-part-2-athletic-show-in.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 2 – Athletic Shows</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/don-b-snyder-part-3-civilian.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 3 – Civilian Conservation Corps</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-riding-rails-2-coming-home.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 4: Riding the Rails 2; Coming home</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-5-joining-army.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder, Part 5: Joining the Army</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-6-pygmies-of-new.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder, Part 6: The Pygmies of New Guinea</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-8-shot-in-leg.html" target="_blank"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Don B Snyder. Part 8: Shot in the Leg </span></a></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-this-is-part-10-of-13-part.html" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 10: Cooper Tire</span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-11-barber.html" target="_blank"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Don B Snyder. Part 11: Barber</span></a></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-13-women.html" target="_blank">Don B Snyder. Part 13: Women</a></span></span></div>
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</div>Jo Hennhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17566276500934815959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4967992205144808298.post-64057299336434527092018-04-12T01:53:00.001-04:002018-04-24T08:33:36.562-04:00Don B Snyder, Part 8: Shot in the Leg<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
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<span style="background: white; color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">This is Part 8 of a 13-part blog series sharing my Grand-uncle Don’s life story, in his own words, via an autobiography sent to me by Don’s grandson, Ron Oldfield, after Ron stumbled across one of my prior posts about his grandfather. It is shared with the permission of both of Don’s children and Ron Oldfield. [Note – Anything in brackets with green type is my added explanation of something in Don’s text.</span><span style="background: white; color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">]</span><span style="color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Part 8 – Shot in the Leg<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I was shot and became a patient in an old schoolhouse on <st1:place w:st="on">Bataan</st1:place>. The doctors there operated on my leg. They removed busted bones, tibula and fibula. This shortened my leg a little over an inch. They then put a big cast on up to my hip with a walking iron below. After a few days an ambulance came and took me to a field where a small plane was waiting. It held one stretcher as the left side of the plane was missing. I had my pack on my chest. Twice they put it under my stretcher. When I got to Manilla I found my pack missing. It contained everything I had: money, pictures, letters, souveniers, a Jap flag, etc. I didn’t know the outfit that put me on the plane so they got away with stealing it.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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By US Army - US Army via L. Morton, US Army in World War II: The War in the Pacific--The Fall of the Philippines,<br />
page 382 (US Army Center for Military History, 1952) </td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In Manilla the hospital was in a ball park. We had beds where the seats would be. Down on the field were a couple of good sized tents. Every once in a while a whistle would blow and guys would line up. I asked what the hell was going on. I was told that it was the romance ward. I asked what that was and was told it was all guys that got the clap.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Later I was flown to <st1:place w:st="on">Leyte</st1:place>. In the hospital at Leyte in the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Philippines</st1:place></st1:country-region>, a hospital ship showed up and everyone was excited. Most all the guys left, I was too sick. One big guy had a back injury and he could walk. The big jerk came over and razzed me because I couldn’t go. They all left except a few of us. In the meantime I got better and was eating etc. One day a nurse and an officer stopped by my bed. She told him how sick I had been but was pretty good now. He looked at me and said “you can go.” I said “where?” and he replied “home.” I looked at him and said “you don’t mean fly, do you,” as I saw he had a set of wings on his blouse. He said, "yes." I could have cried I was so happy.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I do want to tell you about this in all sincerity. They flew me back on a hospital plane to <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">San Francisco</st1:place></st1:city>. At Moffett Field they put our stretchers on the tarmac. Silly, hardly. It just showed me how much I loved this country and was happy to be back here. In the hospital for five days before leaving for <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Nashville</st1:place></st1:city>, the man in the next bed was really down in the dumps. His one leg had been cut off. One day a lady showed up, she tried to cheer him up to no avail. He said “That’s easy for you say, how would you like to be like this?” She said “I am,” then reached down and rapper her leg. She too had a leg off. She then told him he would be able to do most things he used to do. He said “even hunting?” She said “sure.” He was like a different man. Smiley and all that. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">While we were recuperating in a ward we all got along just fine. On inspection one day the two officers went bunk to bunk checking out what we had etc. There was a nice guy next to me that had a thumb that wouldn’t bend. I heard the doctors commenting on what was wrong with it but they couldn’t agree. He left our ward the next day. I met him in the hall one time and he had a bandage on his hand. I asked him what it was and he said they didn’t know so they cut it off.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">They flew us to <st1:city w:st="on">Nashville</st1:city>, but we stopped for fuel in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Amarillo</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">Texas</st1:state></st1:place>. A major, patient, could walk. Seemed like a nice fellow, got off the plane to stretch his legs as a big fuel truck pulled up in front of the plane. I looked out the window and saw him walk under the wing forward. I couldn’t see much of the truck. Pretty soon I saw a commotion and an ambulance pull up. He had stumbled as the truck pulled up and it ran over his head. Of course it killed him and we went off without him.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I had bad connections at <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Lima</st1:place></st1:city> and somehow I got a ride to the city limits. Cars would pass me slow, smile and wave and keep on going. “Gee,” I thought, “here I am in uniform with a big cast on, with ribbons and crutches and they wouldn’t pick me up.” I finally realized, gas rationing was on and they were only going a little ways. An army nurse stopped and took me to <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Findlay</st1:place></st1:city>. </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">After I got back from furlough I was walking down the hall on crutches and I looked up and saw the guy with the bad back. He was really surprised to see me and said, “how did you get here?” I said “how did you?”, and he said “our boat just got in.” They had to go down under by the southern route because of the Jap subs. I told him I flew back and already had a 30 day furlough. I thought he turned green with shock.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Other Related Posts (links):</span><span style="color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2014/02/52-ancestors-7-don-b-snyder-1918-2012.html"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">52 Ancestors: #7 Don B. Snyder (1918-2012)</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2017/01/don-snyders-fall.html"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Don Snyder's Fall</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/a-treasure-to-share.html"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">A Treasure to Share</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/don-b-snyder-part-1-riding-rails-i.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 1 – Riding The Rails 1, Growing Up</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/don-b-snyder-part-2-athletic-show-in.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 2 – Athletic Shows</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/don-b-snyder-part-3-civilian.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 3 – Civilian Conservation Corps</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-riding-rails-2-coming-home.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 4: Riding the Rails 2; Coming home</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-5-joining-army.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder, Part 5: Joining the Army</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-6-pygmies-of-new.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder, Part 6: The Pygmies of New Guinea</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-7-japs.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder, Part 7: The Japs</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-9-army-boxing.html" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 9: Army Boxing</span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-this-is-part-10-of-13-part.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 10: Cooper Tire</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-11-barber.html" target="_blank"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Don B Snyder. Part 11: Barber</span></a></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-12-caving.html" target="_blank">Don B Snyder. Part 12: Caving </a> </span></span><br />
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-13-women.html" target="_blank">Don B Snyder. Part 13: Women</a></span></span></div>
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<br /><div class="blogger-post-footer">© 2013 to present. Jo Allison Henn
If you would like to use anything featured on this post for non-commercial purposes, please credit and link back to this blog. If you wish to use any of the material on this site for other means, please seek the written permission of Jo Allison Henn (email address is on Contact Me page).
</div>Jo Hennhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17566276500934815959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4967992205144808298.post-89655842840755601212018-04-09T21:00:00.000-04:002018-04-24T08:34:04.149-04:00Don B Snyder. Part 7: The Japs<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MJoPlw4h9H4/WsLrduTur5I/AAAAAAAAD3s/_d2qBo8zZqMlse1W36YLh7PZaWy_peXxACPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Donald%2BB%2BSnyder.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Climbing My Family Tree: Don B Snyder" border="0" data-original-height="200" data-original-width="176" height="400" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MJoPlw4h9H4/WsLrduTur5I/AAAAAAAAD3s/_d2qBo8zZqMlse1W36YLh7PZaWy_peXxACPcBGAYYCw/s400/Donald%2BB%2BSnyder.jpg" title="Don B Snyder" width="352" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Don B Snyder</td></tr>
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<span style="color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">This is Part 7 of a 13-part blog series sharing my Grand-uncle Don’s life story, in his own words, via an autobiography sent to me by Don’s grandson, Ron Oldfield, after Ron stumbled across one of my prior posts about his grandfather. It is shared with the permission of both of Don’s children and Ron Oldfield. [Note – Anything in brackets with green type is my added explanation of something in Don’s text. </span><span style="color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">]</span><span style="color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Don’s story: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Part 7 – The Japs<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">38th infantry division Avengers of Bataan<br />
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The trip to the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Philippines</st1:place></st1:country-region> was uneventful except a Jap plane dropped a bomb that missed us. <span style="color: #538135; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">[Don was a technical sergeant for the 151<sup>st</sup> Infantry, 38<sup>th</sup> Division.]</span> While in a convoy we almost came close to a floating mine. We were told no lights or cigarettes after dark as the subs could see it a mile away. On our right was a big landing craft with lights all over it. We landed at Tacloban, <st1:place w:st="on">Leyte</st1:place>. Tents were put up at the beach to hold supplies for when the regiment left for <st1:place w:st="on">Luzon</st1:place>. I was in charge and a pretty 16-year-old girl was doing my laundry. She always had some younger girls with her. They were always giggling and they would tell me “Bolita” loved me. I asked her and she would say “no!” Later I found out that meant yes at first. One day she asked me to go to her village with her. I said no, then I thought “why not?” She was pretty with a nice shape. These people were the evacuees from the Japs. To get there we had to wade up a couple creeks and a couple of trails. When we got there the men folks were real nice to me. I found out they recognized me as they, 200 men, worked for me putting up the tents. She then said why not spend the night there. I had to think about it and asked her if she would sleep there in a hut with me, she said yes. I asked, “will we be alone?” She said no. I said, “who else?” She said nine others. These men had big bolo knives and I got to thinking, said goodbye and went back. Had quite a time in the creeks but made it. On getting back I found orders had changed and we moved 30 miles north. There I got another surprise. Being the only weapons platoon sergeant in the battalion headquarters I was picked to lead a four-day patrol. Go in a square for hunting Japs. I felt it was quite an honor. I picked out 10 men, loaded up with rations etc., and started out. They said the Japs were starving and weak. Yeah, I thought, how much strength does it take to pull a trigger, and I would be the front man. The training was that the leader was back aways to control things and he would send out a couple of scouts in front. I never recognized that idea and would be in front. Hadn’t went 30 feet when a Jeep drove up honking its horn. Said to come back as we were all moving out. I was kind of glad (yeah) to hear that but I really did want to do it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">On to the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Philippines</st1:place></st1:country-region>. We made a landing at San Felipe on Luzon, just north of <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Subic</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Bay</st1:placetype></st1:place>. Fought a bad one at Zig Zag Pass. We relieved, I think, the 42<sup>nd</sup> Division. It was a sight everyone would remember. As they moved out we were moving in. Men walking slowly, occasionally stopping then moving on. Guys with bandages all over, arm slings, head, etc. Jeeps had wounded guys on the hoods and any place they could. I saw one big 6x6 truck. On each fender was a guy that sort of looked dazed. I looked back and saw bodies. I asked him, “are they all dead?” He nodded yes, as it moved on I saw bodies piled up five or six feet high, filling the truck. As we moved forward I was in a Jeep and at one time I looked over and saw two men standing there. One of them yelled out “hi Sarge.” To my surprise, they were two men that had been in my platoon when I was in C-Company. They were nice guys, good soldiers and it was good to see them. We talked a bit and I had to leave them as our column moved on. A couple of hours later I heard that a shell killed both of them. You often hear rumors and wonder if they are true. I think that most of them are. This <st1:placename w:st="on">Zig</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Zag</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Pass</st1:placetype> was the only road to <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Manila</st1:place></st1:city> from Olongapo and was very important. It had been fortified by us before the war. One high ranking officer said it could be defended till Hell froze over. The road went up the mountain with mostly curves. The Japs had their fields of fire without being seen. Then there were big caves that they would crawl out of and fire on you. I heard the regiment that we relieved had about 1600 casualties. We had about the same. After we withdrew to make a landing on <st1:place w:st="on">Bataan</st1:place> we encamped with our artillery. We had 103 guns firing constantly day and night on the Japs. Our platoon had one Jeep and three big 6x6 trucks, plus our three anti-tank guns each weighing one and three-quarter tons. I had the platoon trucks pick up cases of ammunition and hand grenades. This with our own 57 mm shells. It was like three big bombs. I always had guards with them, but our battalion commander said he had guards all around us and we didn’t need to. Later, a Jeep was traveling around the area and no one paid any attention to it. Later, this was after dark, and we were asleep, there was a hell of an explosion. Our center truck was burning in the cab. Bullets were popping off from the fire, while we thought it was from the Japs. We got the fire out and someone told me to check the barrels. I reached around the shield and my hand fell on hot jagged steel, no barrels. There was a guard close by who said he heard a pop and thought he saw someone running away. Our artillery had been firing constantly day and night at them and some of them were in shock. They probably thought our guns were artillery pieces. I thought it was stupid us being there in the first place. We were in a flat place with wooded hills all around us. The Japs were probably watching our every move. What happened was that they put primer cord connecting each barrel and the cab of the center truck, after stuffing our guns. Primer cord is about ½ to ¾ inch cord. Inside is TNT. It all goes off instantly. In the morning I wondered now what. Well, we were supposed to get out on Subic Bay for an attack on the tip of Bataan Penninsula and <st1:place w:st="on">Corregidor</st1:place>. Luckily, we got three guns and trucks from division and went to <st1:place w:st="on">Subic Bay</st1:place>. OK, after being in those foxholes the water was warm, etc. and a few of us on our landing craft went swimming. It sure did feel good. I hollered up to a sailor “why don’t you come in?” He replied, “Not me, this bay is full of sharks and barracuda.” It didn’t take us long to get out of the water, that’s for sure. That night we left Subic Bay for the landing at Corregidor and Mariveles. I got seasick during the night as the landing craft pitched and rolled. I thought “ye gods, what a time to get sick.” However, I felt O.K. when daylight came. <span style="color: #38761d;">[See U. S. </span></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">Army 38th Division Soldiers Land at Mariveles Philippine Islands WW2 Footage Feb </span>15,<span style="background-color: white;"> 1945, YouTube video, <a href="https://youtu.be/YLkJh4vjna4" target="_blank">HERE</a>. It's very impressive.]</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I don’t want to get into war stories, but this was spectacular. The Navy had ships as far as the eye could see. A cruiser and a destroyer made a rolling barrage covering the hill at the tip of Bataan, then <st1:place w:st="on">Corregidor</st1:place> about three miles across the bay. There was little or no action as we went ashore at Mariveles on the tip of <st1:place w:st="on">Bataan</st1:place>. The town had been leveled by bombs, except for one building. I did pass a statue erect, of an angel. It already had a pasteboard sign on it, “got a cigarette bud?” We stayed a few days at what had been the town. It was a beautiful day and we watched as the Liberator bombers passed over the island. Covering the top of the island with flame then came the 11<sup>th</sup> Airborne paratroopers. They landed on top of the hill. Others weren’t so fortunate, as they hit the side of the cliff, and a few came down in the water. I saw boats picking them up, then small landing crafts brought back bodies. Army wrapped in blankets, and Airborne in red (supply) parachutes. At night some Japs would try to swim over, hanging on a log or whatever. Some made it and we took care of them our way. Some guys would go out in landing crafts the next day and have target practice. Sounds cruel? Well, war is cruel, but the Japs had it coming to them. We then went up the road towards the mainland. This was the road called “The Bataan Death March”. They took thousands of prisoners from <st1:place w:st="on">Corregidor</st1:place> and marched up this road, no water or food. If you dropped you got bayoneted, shot, or had your head bashed in with a rifle. Thousands died. I went to Mariveles once and saw a lot of graves and a wire fence about 15 feet across. In a circle inside were about six or eight Japs squatting on their haunches, and they didn’t look happy. There was a gate on the fence and it was wide open with a guard sitting on a chair with an automatic rifle on his lap. He was from our company and I asked him why the gate was open. He smiled, patted his rifle and said: “I just hope they try to make a break of it”. They wasn’t about to try it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">We had a division paper come out. At the top, it said in big letters “Kill the Bastards,” and would probably say 161 or whatever Japs were killed and prisoners maybe two or three. At the bottom in small print, “Take 'em prisoners.” We needed them for information. I saved one Jap. I had been out looking for them. I just got back when I saw a commotion. A Jap came out on the road holding up a leaflet saying in English “I surrender,” and other words to be humane. On the back, it was in Japanese, the same. We had them dropped by planes. All the guys were hollering “shoot him, shoot him,” and a couple of guys was about to do it. I stopped them. He was small, skinny, and terrified, probably starving. As much as I hated them I couldn’t help being sorry. I gave him a cigarette and a chocolate bar. He was so scared he couldn’t use either one of them. I got a Jeep, figured “who would do as I said?” and picked out a guy and sent them back to Mariveles. To this day I’m glad I did. But at the same time, I was surprised that I did that.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Two more stories. The Japs on <st1:place w:st="on">Corregidor</st1:place> were in big caves that we had made. It was difficult getting them out. I have a picture from “Yank” magazine showing a landing craft at the beach with barrels of oil in pipe running off the landing craft up to a cave. They poured it in and threw in a TNT charge. Boom, no more Japs to shoot at. Also a picture of <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">Fort</st1:placetype> <st1:placename w:st="on">Drum</st1:placename></st1:place> up the coast aways. It was a round cement fortification that went down pretty deep. On the top of it was a round steel cover about five or six inches thick and five or six feet across. We had built it before the war and the Japs took it over. Every time our landing craft approached it they would fire through port holes that were about six feet higher than the landing craft. What to do? They built a platform on top of the craft in the front. As they approached it, they had continuous machine guns firing at it and they had to go down inside. Our troops got on top, poured fuel oil or gasoline down in it and set off a charge. It was so powerful the Yank picture showed that heavy iron cover about 30 feet in the air. This made good Japs out of them. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Once we were on the road and passed a dead Jap officer, laying on his back as if he were asleep. His uniform was immaculate so he must have been high in rank. A couple of my guys fired shots at him. I made them stop. As much as I hated them I couldn’t help but wonder of the shock his family would have if they could have seen him.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">We moved up the coast near Balanga, the capital of <st1:place w:st="on">Bataan</st1:place>. At Pilar, I met some natives that had their homes in Balanga. They said they had to move as they were near the city jail and couldn’t stand the screams of the people being tortured all night by the Japs. This may sound morbid to some, but to us it was real, you or them. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Only one more story. I had heard this before about Japs throwing babies up in the air and stabbing them with a bayonet. Hard to believe, but I talked to people that seen two Japs walking and as a woman carrying a baby approached, one grabbed the baby out of her arms, threw it in the air, and stabbed it with their bayonet and laughed. They were so shocked that I couldn’t help believe them. One time a customer came in my barbershop. He was a little old. Said he had a store kind of like Kmart in Manilla. He was Chinese but came to the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Philippines</st1:place></st1:country-region> when he was 12 years old. He had raised ten children, put them all through college, had two children in <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Toledo</st1:place></st1:city> that were professionals. I liked him real well and he seemed to like me also. We were pretty frank with each other. I commented once that I truly believed that Asians were naturally cruel. He laughed and said not so. Then he replied, “we went to Europe once, visited Spain, Italy, Switzerland, then visited Buchenwald and Auschwitz concentration camps.” He had me there, so I said I don’t know about that. Then we changed the subject as he made his point.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">There is one more story I really don’t want to tell but I think I should. Each night we were in our foxholes we would wonder (at least I did) if we would make it through the night as the Japs would move into our area. Well, I’ve heard of guys praying, but I just couldn’t do it, much as I wanted to. I felt it was hypocritical. I felt bad at this as I wasn’t a Christian, although I believed in god. Anyways, on patrol, we got surrounded by machine guns. We didn’t think we would make it. Our radioman was busting up his radio so the Japs wouldn’t get it. The chaplain said he was tuned in to heaven. We would laugh a bit. No one looked scared, but I feel sure we all were. Pygmies lived in those mountains and we had two for guides. They knew a way down the cliff and we all made it except for one young Filipino who was killed by the Japs. I’ll never forget the wailing of his wife when she was told he was still up there. It was very dangerous going down that cliff as the way down was only about 3’ wide twisting and turning. The cliff was maybe 75 to 100’ down. I went along for the ride so to speak, but if I was in charge I would have went down the slope as I didn’t think the Japs had gotten that far and we could have brought the Filipino home. One of our guys went crawling up to the two Japs we had shot and cut off their ears looking for souvenirs. After that, I wondered what the Japs did to the Filipinos. I had been out looking for Japs that had made it swimming over from <st1:place w:st="on">Corregidor</st1:place> when I bumped into this nut. I was told later that he was on patrol when they came across several Japs in a field. They tried to get away and he ran after them disregarding his sergeant’s order to come back. Then Japs hidden on each side of the open field shot and killed him. I wonder what became of his souvenirs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">After that, I got to thinking. The chaplain had a short service which I attended and I felt after that, I deserved to the right to pray and I told God if he would bring me home I would never deny him and would always pray. Well, I’m home and feel he had something to do with it, and I still pray.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">One thing about the Filipinos, they were a happy people, despite the misery the Japanese did to them. I became friendly with a young lady with two children, a girl, 11, and a boy, eight. Her husband had been killed by the Japs. The kids and I would go to a nearby water hole, shoo out the water buffalo and go swimming. If it got dark I’d go back to camp, a little risky. There seemed to be two kinds of guerrillas. One group dedicated to kill Japs, the other seemed to avoid them. When the Japs were in the villages, they were in the mountains. When the Japs were driven out by us, they came to the villages and exploited the people. If it was dark, I’d walk down the street with the safety on my Tommy gun. I figured if they shot at me I’d get several of them before I’d hit the ground. Fortunately, that didn’t happen as I might have killed some civilians, too.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">One other thing that was funny. We moved into an area where there was an ammo dump about 10 feet high and 20 feet square. I assigned the squads where they should be. The next day I heard talk of a woman screaming. I finally found out. A Sergeant Tonkin, 6’2” 220 pounds, thought he should move the squad to a safer place against my order. The Japs moved at night, so if we saw something move we would shoot. The sergeant (dummy) thought if he went quickly man to man he could tell them to move without being shot. Carbino was a guy that was sort of a gentle man and was laying on his back, thinking of home. Of course, the Japs could crawl in his foxhole (slit trench). <st1:place w:st="on">Tonkin</st1:place> jumped Carbino, the kind of sissy guy figured it was a Jap. He grabbed his rifle and took hold of the barrel and slammed the stock into <st1:place w:st="on">Tonkin</st1:place>’s head. Tonkin went down on his knees, Carbino pulled out his trench-knife and was coming down with it when <st1:place w:st="on">Tonkin</st1:place> screamed. He went back to his slit trench and stayed there. I was going to chew him out but I thought he had enough trouble. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">It might be of interest, guerillas (the good ones) had their leader in a tent next to our headquarters. We had a Jap that wouldn’t talk. The chief next door asked if they could have him, we agreed. A couple of our guys witnessed this. Two guys held bamboo clubs about three feet long and three inches thick. They went to work on the guy and he was very happy to talk, in fact, he told them everything.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/don-b-snyder-part-1-riding-rails-i.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 1 – Riding The Rails 1, Growing Up</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/don-b-snyder-part-2-athletic-show-in.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 2 – Athletic Shows</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/don-b-snyder-part-3-civilian.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 3 – Civilian Conservation Corps</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-riding-rails-2-coming-home.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 4: Riding the Rails 2; Coming home</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-5-joining-army.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder, Part 5: Joining the Army</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-6-pygmies-of-new.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder, Part 6: The Pygmies of New Guinea</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-8-shot-in-leg.html" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;" target="_blank"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Don B Snyder. Part 8: Shot in the Leg </span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-9-army-boxing.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 9: Army Boxing</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-this-is-part-10-of-13-part.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 10: Cooper Tire</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-11-barber.html" target="_blank"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Don B Snyder. Part 11: Barber</span></a></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-12-caving.html" target="_blank">Don B Snyder. Part 12: Caving </a> </span></span><br />
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-13-women.html" target="_blank">Don B Snyder. Part 13: Women</a></span></span></div>
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<div class="blogger-post-footer">© 2013 to present. Jo Allison Henn
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</div>Jo Hennhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17566276500934815959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4967992205144808298.post-68616214527303316842018-04-06T21:00:00.000-04:002018-04-24T08:34:42.207-04:00Don B. Snyder. Part 6: The Pygmies of New Guinea<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Don B Snyder<br />
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<span style="color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">This is Part 6 of a 13-part blog series sharing my Grand-uncle Don’s life story, in his own words, via an autobiography sent to me by Don’s grandson, Ron Oldfield, after Ron stumbled across one of my prior posts about his grandfather. It is shared with the permission of both of Don’s children and Ron Oldfield. [Note – Anything in brackets with green type is my added explanation of something in Don’s text. </span><span style="color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">]</span><span style="color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Parts of this entry reflect attitudes of the times he lived in that are known today as not accurate or not respectful of others’ cultures. I’ve kept them as I wish to maintain Don’s story, as a whole, </span><span style="color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">as he wrote it</span><span style="color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Part 6 – The Pygmies of New Guinea<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Map of Papua New Guinea By Burmesedays<br />
<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0" target="_blank">CC BY-SA 3.0</a> via Wikimedia Commons<br />
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">We spent six months in <st1:state w:st="on">Hawaii</st1:state> and headed for <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">New Guinea</st1:place></st1:country-region> in the Southwest Pacific in an old tramp steamer, the ‘Howell Lykes’. We first headed south to avoid Jap subs and then headed towards <st1:country-region w:st="on">Australia</st1:country-region>, then through the Coral Sea up to <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">New Guinea</st1:place></st1:country-region>. Nice trip. At the eastern tip of <st1:country-region w:st="on">New Guinea</st1:country-region>, we spent four days in a harbor to form a convoy landing at <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Oral</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Bay</st1:placetype></st1:place> near a native village called Buna. Everything was jungles and mountains. I read where it is the third largest island in the world. Since the war, the timber companies are ruining the eastern part. Papua was under the Australian mandate. They worked under, gotten taken care of, etc. by the Australian government. After the war Papua gained its independence. The western half is now in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Indonesia</st1:place></st1:country-region>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Much to my surprise, I found out the natives lived in the mountains. If I remember, they wore little or no clothes. I saw one young girl nursing a baby on her left breast and also holding a pig, nursing off her right breast. I saw one walking down the side of the road. He wore a ‘G-string’ type and was carrying a spear. I thought they didn’t do that anymore, but in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">New Guinea</st1:place></st1:country-region>, we passed a native with a spear and a small wild pig he had killed. A couple of guys came across a man and a boy. The man was teaching the boy how to track over rock. He showed him how to tell if a rock had been turned over. Hard to believe but I do. Also was surprised to see they were like those in <st1:place w:st="on">Africa</st1:place>, dark, with wiry hair. A lot had big bushy hair (afro) and looked sometimes fierce but were not. They hated the Japs because they were cruel to them, but liked Americans who were not, and we liked them. They looked up to us and many of them had hardly seen a white man. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Native bearers bringing injured to forward American Aid Station, New Guinea. WW2.<br />
Photo by George Silk, Australian War Memorial Archives No. 013993. Public Domain<br />
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">They used to practice cannibalism with other tribes at war with them. I read after the war some in the interior still practiced it. One of the Rockefellers was killed and eaten in <st1:place w:st="on">Southwest New Guinea</st1:place>, after the war. I read a book later on that gave an insight on why they did it. Each village had their own territory. When other tribes infringed upon that territory they had their own little war. They didn’t last long, but each side would have one or two that were killed. They would leave them and the other side would eat them. They didn’t put them in a kettle as the comic books show. They would build a fire and put the pieces in mud or stones and bake them. Also, the women would chew the pieces with squash and then put it in bamboo by the fire. When the bamboo split, it was ready to eat. How would you like that for supper? Sometimes they would give the skulls back to the family, then the family kept them in their huts, as they were family.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">By eGuide Travel (Papua New Guinea) [<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0" target="_blank">CC BY 2.0 </a>], via Wikimedia Commons<br />
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">One thing of interest to me was that our intelligence section got permission to take a trip in the mountains and I was asked to go along. There was about ten of us with a Lieutenant in charge. We had a native guide that could speak their language. In all we visited three villages, spending nights there. We slept in a good hut that was off limits to the villagers but was for the Australians. This part of New Guinea was controlled by the Aussies at that time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">At one village one of our guys got sick. The native guide said there was a stream about a half mile beyond. The Lt. asked me to stay there with him till he got better, so I did. We were to then go on to meet them at the stream. There were no men in the village except the older chief. Probably a dozen or so women, and their kids. Where the men were I don’t know. I saw one with a spear-carrying a dead pig. I suppose maybe they were out hunting. The women and kids were all excited seeing us, as was the chief. I told this guy with me that I was hungry, so let’s eat. He said O.K., as he felt better. I got out of my pack a squad stove (gasoline). The metal containers served as bowls. There were all amazed as I pumped air in it and got it lit with a blue flame. Then the chief clapped his hands and they scurried about and then they rushed to bring us a mat and food for him so we sat opposite to him eating our food. I didn’t want to eat any of his and if I gave him some of mine he would eat it. One woman brought me a piece of fried banana. I did take a couple bites of it. This guy with me had a camera. I gave a couple cigarettes. Then they all wanted one so they lined up pretending to smoke and I have a picture of that. Later, I realized that I should have given them to the chief. With his prestige, he should be the one to pass them out. They really value cigarettes. At times they will line up in front of you with stuff they want to trade, like a coconut and a couple of bananas, etc. Then you go from one to the other and hold out a cigarette to trade. They nod no. Offer two cigarettes, and they break out a big grin, sale made. One woman insisted she give me a squash. I finally had to say yes but later threw it away as I couldn’t cook it, which I regret. We then went on to the rest of the guys. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Vignettes of life in Papua, by Ellis Silas, 1922.<br />
From the collection of the State Library of New South Wales. No known copyright.<br />
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">At one village the chief had a stick through his nose about four inches wide. Today he would be right in style here. We finally ended up at a clearing and a small store. There a truck took us back to camp. The store was supplied by a small airplane. The native work crews were called Angow <span style="color: #38761d;">[</span></span><span style="color: #38761d;"><em style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal;">Australian New Guinea Administrative Unit</span></em><span style="background: white; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"> (</span><em style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal;">ANGAU</span></em><span style="background: white; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">) ]</span></span><span style="font-size: 16pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="color: #38761d;">.</span> I never really believed it but someone said they got about 4PDS of Australian money a year. The Aussies were good to them, provided food, etc. </span><span style="color: #538135; font-size: 16pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">[The tribes provided food to both the Australian and American Armies.] </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"> I just believe there was an agreement as I never heard of any complaints. One thing I saw and was saddened by was a neat church (bamboo). Next to it was three earth mounds. We were told by our native guide that there was a priest and two nuns that had been murdered by the Japs. I hate to think of what those two nuns went through. The natives buried them.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Back at our camp, there was a native Angow village that was pretty close to us. It was off limits to us. Occasionally one would come to our camp and try to sell us one or two coconuts, still in the husk. We would say “how much?” They would reply “one bob.” That’s a shilling, worth about 30 cents. We would give them a bob and they would leave. One time a guy gave them two bobs. After that, they would ask for two bobs. We would say no, after that they would take them back. After a few days of that they came and we would say “how much?” and they said “one bob” and we would close the deal. I often wondered if the Aussies weren’t behind this, as what could the natives do with the money? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">I kind of think they must have had good morals. Of course, the women wore nothing above the waist. We were surprised to see them, but after a while no one noticed. We had a guy in our company that was no good, a real slob. The native that had been friendly with me and wanted to give me coconuts pointed him out to me and said: “he bad.” I didn’t like him either but I asked the native why. He again replied “man, he bad,” and I found out he had a couple of magazines and was showing porno pictures to the natives.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">I read in a book after the war that a native in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">New Guinea</st1:place></st1:country-region> got mad at his wife and ripped off her grass skirt, exposing her to the villagers. She let out a scream and ran over to a tall palm tree, climbed it and jumped, committing suicide. I guess we aren’t the only ones to have pride.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Papua New Guinean Moth. Public Domain.<br />
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">New Guinea is known worldwide for its beautiful butterflies and moths. I made me a net and would go back into the jungle to catch them. I sent some home but they didn’t compare with others I’ve seen. I’d find them in the darkest areas. By that I mean hardly any light could penetrate the area for the trees and overhead vines. They were beautiful. Not like the others, they looked more like birds with red and blue colors. I tried to catch some but they flew too far over my head. After the war, I read in the newspapers of a woman that was an authority on them. I called her and told her about them, she agreed. Said she’d been to <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">New Guinea</st1:place></st1:country-region> and saw some. One more thing about them and I’ll quit. A fellow in our company caught a huge butterfly, knowing I was collecting them. He gave it to me. I got some cotton and a cardboard box to mail home. Just then we suddenly left for the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Philippines</st1:place></st1:country-region> and there was no one to mail it so I had to dispose of it. Back home I read in the Guinness Book of Records that the world’s largest was 11 ½ by 12 ½ inches while mine measured 10 ½ by 11 ¾.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-9-army-boxing.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 9: Army Boxing</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-this-is-part-10-of-13-part.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 10: Cooper Tire</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-11-barber.html" target="_blank"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Don B Snyder. Part 11: Barber</span></a></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-12-caving.html" target="_blank">Don B Snyder. Part 12: Caving </a> </span></span><br />
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-13-women.html" target="_blank">Don B Snyder. Part 13: Women</a></span></span></div>
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<div class="blogger-post-footer">© 2013 to present. Jo Allison Henn
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</div>Jo Hennhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17566276500934815959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4967992205144808298.post-11715010632487619652018-04-04T22:37:00.002-04:002018-04-24T08:35:09.017-04:00Don B Snyder - Part 5: Joining the Army<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
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<span style="background: white; color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">This is Part 5 of a 13-part blog series sharing my Grand-uncle Don’s life story, in his own words, via an autobiography sent to me by Don’s grandson, Ron Oldfield, after Ron stumbled across one of my prior posts about his grandfather. It is shared with the permission of both of Don’s children and Ron Oldfield. [Note – Anything in brackets with green type is my added explanation of something in Don’s text.]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Part 5 – Joining the Army</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I joined the National Guard in 1937. In 1940 we were inducted on active duty. Fortunately, I was promoted to platoon sergeant in charge of 50 men. We were sent to <st1:placetype w:st="on">Camp</st1:placetype> <st1:placename w:st="on">Shelby</st1:placename> at <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Hattiesburg</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">Mississippi</st1:state></st1:place>. That was where we got our first draftees. They hadn’t had any training when they came, but they soon shaped up. I felt sorry for a couple I found crying, as it was so different than what they were used to. I took it easy with them and they got over it. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I transferred from Indiantown Gap, Pennsylvania to Fort Benning, Georgia <span style="color: #548235; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #548235; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">[for a 3-month Officer’s Training course in March 1942]</span>. They formed one new anti-tank platoon in battalion headquarters for the battalion. I was platoon sergeant of this unit. We later received four 37mm anti-tank guns and nine jeeps. Later, we got three 57mm guns, each weighing almost two tons, plus one jeep and three big 6x6 trucks. This was for hauling the men plus ammunition and supplies. We then transferred to Camp Carrabelle, Florida for amphibian training. That’s for landing on a hostile shore in boats. We lived in tents in a swampy area. Sometimes the water would come up under our cots so we had to keep everything on our beds. I liked the training. We went in smaller landing craft. They held about 30 men, or in our case about a squad: ten men plus an anti-tank gun. It was a pretty sight to see. There were about 10 landing craft in a wave, parallel to the shore going in circles. At a given time the craft would form a line facing the shore, spread out and heading for the shore. First, one wave followed by ten waves. It was not all fun and games. Nearing shore sometimes a craft would hit a sandbar and get stuck. Then the front would drop and the men would step out and wade to shore. If someone in a hole, with all our gear and guns we sometimes would step over his head while others would pull him out of it.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5V9AqI8FY3Q/WsWHUHw47nI/AAAAAAAAD44/bU1JaXSAMi0snUgcsSZITYzudV5zHRqMgCLcBGAs/s1600/Crew%2Bof%2Ba%2B37mm%2Banti-tank%2Bgun%2Bin%2Btraining%2Bat%2BFort%2BBenning%252C%2BGeorgia%2Bclean%2Band%2Badjust%2Btheir%2Bweapon%252C%2BOffice%2Bof%2BWar%2BInformation%252C%2BLOC.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Climbing My Family Tree: Crew of a 37mm anti-tank gun in training at Fort Benning, Georgia clean and adjust their weapon, Office of War Information, LOC" border="0" data-original-height="493" data-original-width="640" height="246" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5V9AqI8FY3Q/WsWHUHw47nI/AAAAAAAAD44/bU1JaXSAMi0snUgcsSZITYzudV5zHRqMgCLcBGAs/s320/Crew%2Bof%2Ba%2B37mm%2Banti-tank%2Bgun%2Bin%2Btraining%2Bat%2BFort%2BBenning%252C%2BGeorgia%2Bclean%2Band%2Badjust%2Btheir%2Bweapon%252C%2BOffice%2Bof%2BWar%2BInformation%252C%2BLOC.jpg" title="Crew of a 37mm anti-tank gun in training at Fort Benning, Georgia clean and adjust their weapon, Office of War Information, LOC" width="320" /></a></div>
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Crew of a 37mm anti-tank gun in training at Fort Benning, Georgia clean and adjust their weapon.</div>
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Office of War Information, Library of Congress</div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Next, we went to <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Alexandria</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">Louisiana</st1:state></st1:place>. My wife, Ardith, came to live with me in <st1:state w:st="on">Mississippi</st1:state>, <st1:state w:st="on">Pennsylvania</st1:state>, and <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Louisiana</st1:place></st1:state>. It wasn’t easy for her, as there were so many soldiers’ wives there, but she was happy with it. Our son, Philip, was born in Findlay, Ohio <span style="color: #548235; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #548235; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">[in 1943]</span> and luckily I got a <span style="color: #548235; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #548235; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">[10-day] </span>furlough when in Louisiana and got home the night he was born. <span style="color: #548235; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #548235; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">[Don was a Staff Sergeant when his son was born.]<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In early 1943 I was selected to go to <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Hawaii</st1:place></st1:state> on advance detail, for our company was moving there. We had thousands on board. I was eight decks down, two decks below the water line, with about 490 others in our hold. We zigzagged all the way 2500 miles to avoid Jap subs. Each day we were allowed on deck for one hour in the morning for air and the same in the afternoon. There were so many on deck you could hardly see the water. After a day I was going up the stairwell when a man on the side yelled “Snyder,” and pulled me out of line. He was a major officer. I said, “Sir, how did you know my name?” He said, “I’ve seen you fight (box) on the division team.” I was really surprised. The big wheel recognized me! It turned out he was from division headquarters and I had trained at the sports arena there every day for a while. I found out he was in charge of security on the ship. He then pulled out an “MP / Military Police” armband put it on my arm. I was shocked, as that meant that I could go anywhere on the ship at any time I wanted, and I sure used it. I felt sorry for the other guys, as they wondered what it was all about. A couple of years later I was a patient in a Nashville hospital going down the hall with my leg in a cast and on crutches when I heard someone call out my name “Snyder.” It was him again. We talked and he told me he had a bad stomach and had to come back. It was good to see him again.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Large detailed Japanese World War II physical map of Hawaii 1943 inside.<br />
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In <st1:state w:st="on">Hawaii,</st1:state> we were to guard the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">island</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st="on">Oahu</st1:placename></st1:place>. I had a squad at the entrance to <st1:place w:st="on">Pearl Harbor</st1:place> from the sea. I was there once and saw a submarine coming in. There were some on deck and I thought “man, I bet they could tell you some stories.” After the war, a customer told me he was on a sub that got into <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Tokyo</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Bay</st1:placetype></st1:place>. The Japs raised the net at the entrance and followed the ship going in, underneath it. It was night and they didn’t see anything, so rather than do nothing, they shelled a fishery across the bay and followed another ship out. We lost a lot of subs in the war, and you usually didn’t know who or where. I shouldn’t talk about the war, but I read in a book that three different subs were lost leaving <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Perth</st1:city>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">Australia</st1:country-region></st1:place> at the westernmost tip. They just were never heard from. We had one or more subs away from the entrance. Sure enough, they found a Jap sub waiting for something to come out. They didn’t have to wait any longer as we sunk it. Getting off my story. I also had a squad in the <st1:placetype w:st="on">village</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st="on">Ewa</st1:placename> on the north side of <st1:place w:st="on">Pearl Harbor</st1:place>. They had it made, schoolhouse, swimming pool, etc. Then third squad was guarding a radar station upon the mountains. I went up there once, and while there, one of my men came and told me there was a Jap submarine going north underwater. We were high enough and the sun was shining down and sure enough there it was moving slowly. They had in recent days been seen around the northern part. I had heard that our subs stayed on the surface when around our islands. I sent a guy up to the radar station to call in about it so it could be sunk. They must have been asleep at the post as no planes came over. I think it was the same radar station that called in about planes coming in December 7. They called in and the man at headquarters thought it was American planes coming in from the states and did nothing.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I had heard that sometimes at one of the air bases there that sometimes they would let you fly with them. Sounded pretty good to me. I was at Schofield Barracks and got a ride to Wheeler Field Air Base. There, I spotted a major by his plane. I asked him if I could fly with him. He hesitated and I thought “O.K.” He finally said “I’m afraid not. We are leaving on a practice dive bombing raid on <st1:place w:st="on">Maui</st1:place>,” and he was afraid I couldn’t stand the strain. I’ve seen some of these dive bombers in action and I thought he was right so I thanked him and left. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I forgot to mention, in our jungle training, a Lt. Instructor, nice guy, told off a guy for smoking around all of those demolitions. He said, “I’ve got a wife and two kids back home that I want to see.” I heard he was killed a couple of weeks later. Maybe so, maybe not, but I hardly believe anyone would make it up. In the jungle training course, we also learned judo and how to survive in the jungle if lost. It was very effective and prepared us for almost anything.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">It was really pleasant in Hawaii. Every day neither too hot nor too cold. The ocean was warm and had nice waves to dive in. At times I would get a big 6x6 truck and take whoever wanted to go swimming. Once we went there and the waves looked 30 feet high and surely 20 feet. Probably from a storm out at sea. Down the coast, they didn’t look so high. The guys didn’t want to go in, but being stupid, I did. It was one of the most horrible times of my life. The water beat every spot on my body like a fire hose, ripped off my goggles, and I was fighting for my life. I was going up but didn’t think I’d make it as I had to breathe. Just then I hit the top of the wave, grabbed a couple of breaths and I went crashing down in the surf. It washed me way up on the beach. By the time I stood up the water was rushing back. I tried to walk away from the surf to go up on the beach but it was rushing back so fast and above my knees that I couldn’t move. They tried to form a chain hanging on to me but they couldn’t reach me. I was swept off my feet and into the big wave again. I was lucky again and got to the top. Surprisingly, I noticed as the wave rose, water on top went slowly back. I swam back with it. A cross-current took me down the beach where the waves were not so high and I made it to the shore all right. I’ve heard of cross-currents that have taken men out to sea and never seen again. Maybe down the line, it did but I was lucky in more ways than one.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Other Related Posts (links):</span><span style="color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2014/02/52-ancestors-7-don-b-snyder-1918-2012.html"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">52 Ancestors: #7 Don B. Snyder (1918-2012)</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2017/01/don-snyders-fall.html"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Don Snyder's Fall</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/a-treasure-to-share.html"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">A Treasure to Share</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/don-b-snyder-part-1-riding-rails-i.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 1 – Riding The Rails 1, Growing Up</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/don-b-snyder-part-2-athletic-show-in.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 2 – Athletic Shows</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/don-b-snyder-part-3-civilian.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 3 – Civilian Conservation Corps</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-riding-rails-2-coming-home.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 4: Riding the Rails 2; Coming home</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-6-pygmies-of-new.html" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder, Part 6: The Pygmies of New Guinea</span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-8-shot-in-leg.html" target="_blank"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Don B Snyder. Part 8: Shot in the Leg </span></a></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-9-army-boxing.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 9: Army Boxing</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-this-is-part-10-of-13-part.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 10: Cooper Tire</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-11-barber.html" target="_blank"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Don B Snyder. Part 11: Barber</span></a></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-12-caving.html" target="_blank">Don B Snyder. Part 12: Caving </a> </span></span><br />
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-13-women.html" target="_blank">Don B Snyder. Part 13: Women</a></span></span></div>
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<div class="blogger-post-footer">© 2013 to present. Jo Allison Henn
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</div>Jo Hennhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17566276500934815959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4967992205144808298.post-12486485268842576452018-04-02T23:23:00.001-04:002018-04-24T08:35:38.386-04:00Don B Snyder - Part 4: Riding the Rails 2; Coming Home<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
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<span style="background: white; color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">This is Part 4 of a 13-part blog series sharing my Grand-uncle Don’s life story, in his own words, via an autobiography sent to me by Don’s grandson, Ron Oldfield, after Ron stumbled across one of my prior posts about his grandfather. It is shared with the permission of both of Don’s children and Ron Oldfield. [Note – Anything in brackets with green type is my added explanation of something in Don’s text.]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Part 4 - <span style="background: white; color: #111111;">Riding the Rails II: Coming Home<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[While home recovering from the foot injury gotten in the Athletic show (described in <a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/don-b-snyder-part-2-athletic-show-in.html" target="_blank">Part 2</a> of this series)],</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> the truant officer came and wanted me to go back to school. I said I couldn’t. When it healed I joined the Civilian Conservation Corps. We didn’t goof off as one might think. We worked hard and were in excellent shape. I hate to tell this, but after three months a guy I knew said his father died and they wouldn’t let him go home. He knew I had experiences riding the rails and coaxed me to go home with him. I really didn’t want to, but then I thought “why not?” so I did. That was a mistake. <span style="color: #548235; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #548235; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">[Throughout the rest of the story he refers to his traveling companion as “Ick”.]<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">We were 250 miles from the nearest railroad, but we hitchhiked to it in one day. All that was there was a water tank and barren hills. As it was getting dark I thought we might have made a booboo. We finally heard a train whistle echoing in the hills and, sure enough, it came and stopped to take on water. There were no empty boxcars so we climbed into a gondola (coal car) about six feet high. To our surprise, there must have been a dozen people in it, including two women. We heard a brakey <span style="color: #538135; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">[railroad company brakeman] </span>walking and kept quiet, but one guy made a noise and he heard it and climbed up. Instead of chewing us out, he said: “My god, you will freeze to death.” He then said, “follow me.” We did and he came across a boxcar with a tin seal on it. He broke the seal and told us to get in. We did and he was right. We would have been awful cold. We crossed the Great Salt Lake. All trains stop in the middle to take on water. It gave us all a chance to get out of the boxcar to get warm as the sun had come up, and it sure felt good. I’ll never forget, of the other people there was a couple of women with their husbands. One was a very pretty young lady, and I thought, “what a shame for her to be in that situation”. As I said before, times were very bad and when people tried to go away looking for work, it was about the only way they could travel.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Mg0ECtbePqw/WsLsIU41LWI/AAAAAAAAD3w/ONrBzkswOaoPITum9FDXGezr66IyCCKxACLcBGAs/s1600/Family%2Btraveling%2Bby%2BFreight%2BTrain.%2BPublic%2BDomain.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Climbing My Family Tree: Family Riding the Rails in the Great Depression. Photo in the Public Domain." border="0" data-original-height="785" data-original-width="750" height="400" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Mg0ECtbePqw/WsLsIU41LWI/AAAAAAAAD3w/ONrBzkswOaoPITum9FDXGezr66IyCCKxACLcBGAs/s400/Family%2Btraveling%2Bby%2BFreight%2BTrain.%2BPublic%2BDomain.jpg" title="Family Riding the Rails in the Great Depression. Photo in the Public Domain." width="381" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> The train took us to Ogden, Utah. There was a dairy there where we could get free buttermilk, which we did. Some rancher was there unloading milk and asked us if we could milk cows. Ick said “yes, we were raised on a farm,” the old liar. He offered us a job milking cows for $30 a month and board. It was on a ranch about 70 miles north of Ogden. I thought “yeah, probably some line shack in the wilderness,” so we said no. The train we came in on was the Western Pacific, so to get to Salt Lake City we had to catch the Union Pacific. They had a bull there that got a quarter for everyone he caught. Those he caught got 91 days on the rock pile, cheap labor. Anyways, we caught the train to Salt Lake City. No empties so we had to get on a tank car, standing on a wooden walk and hanging on a rail around the car. There also were three other guys on it. As we slowed down in the Salt Lake yards, I spotted the bull <span style="color: #38761d;">[railroad company security detective] </span>up ahead. Before we got to him, we jumped off and headed up a street where there were some houses and the street was perpendicular to the railroad. I knew he couldn’t follow us on the street so I was not in any hurry. I glanced back and there he was about 15 feet behind me. I took off like a big ____ bird yelling at Ick to do the same. After going a block we looked back and no one was in sight. Ick said, “Let’s go up this street toward town.” I said, “No! He would know we wouldn’t go back in the country but towards town.” We did go straight ahead, crossed a highway and went up a hill so we could see what was going on. Sure enough, we could see him putting the three guys in a car. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Whew, close one! We then had to walk north to south to get to the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad to get to Denver. Boy, that was a long walk from Salt Lake City. There at Provo, Utah we caught the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad to Denver. That was a nice ride after what we had been through. We were in a boxcar with about eight other guys. The weather was warm and the train at places went slow as we went up the Rocky Mountains. I remember one guy had a can and we came along a stream, crystal clear dashing down the mountain. The guy with the can jumped off and got some water. We pulled him back in the car. Then we all had a good drink. Another guy had some bread, a little hard, but we poured some water on it to soften it and another man had some sugar and we all had some. It tasted like cake to us.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Freight-hopping, National Archives Archeological Site [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons<br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> The train rolled slowly up the mountain. It finally stopped. There was a house nearby and I said, “let’s try to get something to eat.” I had hardly ever done this, but we would give it a try. I figured maybe a lot of fellows did this, but it was worth a try. A nice fellow came to the door and said no. We said “O.K.,” and <span style="color: #38761d;">[he] </span>suddenly said, “Why not?” He, his wife, and two kids were at the table, just finishing supper. Just as we sat down the train whistled (gave the highball, meaning it was leaving). He laughed and gave us some bread and we ran to the train. It was already moving slowly. I held up my arms and the guys in the boxcar pulled me up and in. Ick was not so fortunate. He caught the hangers at the end of the car, crawled along a small rail at the bottom of the car and made it. I felt sure he would fall off. If he did I’d jump off too and we would have froze high in the mountains. Up ahead around the bend, we saw the train going into the Moffat Tunnel. It was the longest railroad tunnel in the country at six and a half miles long. We then slammed the doors shut as the coal burning engines let out a lot of smoke. One guy got claustrophobia and begged us to open the door a bit. We did and the smoke piled in. We slammed it shut. Later we did it again with the same results. The train was going real slow and we finally stopped. We opened it again and the smoke piled in. The guy got scared again. We slammed it shut and one guy explained the situation. Going up the grade we had one or two pushers on the back end. When it stopped we were right on top of the continental divide. There the pushers cut loose and went back. From then on we moved pretty good. When we entered the tunnel it was daylight. When we exited it was dark. <span style="color: #548235; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #548235; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">[Experience it a bit: “a ride through the Moffat Tunnel, part 1”, YouTube video, <a href="https://youtu.be/M0HP_BSfrtM" target="_blank">HERE</a>]</span> There was a man in Toledo who was called ‘King of the Hoboes’. I’d seen his picture in the paper with articles. I met him downtown in Toledo and mentioned I used to ride the rails. He didn’t seem impressed. I asked him if he ever went through the Moffat Tunnel. He hesitated and then said “yes.” I asked, “inside or outside?” He hesitated again and said “outside.” I asked him if the smoke didn’t bother him. The old liar said, “I put a wet handkerchief over my mouth.” That was the end of our consultation. He died some years back, I think.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pj08QTszSfQ/WsLu6pYrJkI/AAAAAAAAD4E/4N1N5HZ65X847iaP9Ufkk-sRI1vH3UUdQCLcBGAs/s1600/Benefits%2Bof%2Bconstruction%2Bof%2BMoffat%2BTunnel%252C%2B%2BPopular%2BScience%2Bmagazine%252C%2BNovember%2B1922.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Climbing My Family Tree: Benefits of construction of Moffat Tunnel, Popular Science magazine, November 1922" border="0" data-original-height="649" data-original-width="828" height="312" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pj08QTszSfQ/WsLu6pYrJkI/AAAAAAAAD4E/4N1N5HZ65X847iaP9Ufkk-sRI1vH3UUdQCLcBGAs/s400/Benefits%2Bof%2Bconstruction%2Bof%2BMoffat%2BTunnel%252C%2B%2BPopular%2BScience%2Bmagazine%252C%2BNovember%2B1922.JPG" title="Benefits of construction of Moffat Tunnel, Popular Science magazine, November 1922" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Benefits of construction of Moffat Tunnel, Popular Science magazine, November 1922<br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Coming east out of Denver we had to catch a meat run. We did and found an empty reefer. It had six or eight guys in it. The next day I went on top to get some fresh air. After a while, I saw a guy crawl out of the other end of the car towards me. You had to crawl and hang on to the boardwalk, as the train was going so fast. He was an awful looking guy, bottom of the barrel. As he approached me and got 12 or 15 feet from me I said,“that’s far enough.” He wanted me to go into the other end with him. I knew what he wanted. I said no again. He hesitated and I had decided if he came close, I would do humanity a favor by kicking him off. I was strong and I knew I could do it. At 70 miles an hour, no one would have ever found him in that prairie country. Somehow he got the message and went back. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> After dark we crossed the Colorado and Nebraska line, stopping at a small town called McCook, Nebraska. A bull <span style="color: #38761d;">[railroad company security detective]</span> or somebody called us out of the car. We walked on and by the time he had got us all off, Ick and I were out of the yards. I don’t think I mentioned it, this was the Burlington route from Denver to Chicago. I said, “Ick, let’s go around the yards and catch it leaving.” We did and watched as they searched the train. When they went back it took off fast and we had to catch it from the engine. About 50 miles down the line it stopped at another small town named Arapaho, Nebraska. It was pitch dark and you couldn’t see anything. I said “Ick, let’s go back,” as the steam engine was throwing off small pieces of slate that kind of stung us. I thought he heard me so I climbed down the ladder. Pitch dark, so I just stepped off knowing I would hit the stones. I didn’t, just floated through the air. It was on a bridge and I fell 30-40 feet on a few dead tree branches with my feet near the water. Ick had noticed me not being there and found we were on a bridge. He crawled along the track and the train took off. He yelled and luckily I had hit on my back. I could hardly answer him. He came down and found me. Asked me to move and I couldn’t. He said he would go for help. I didn’t think, but must have scared the dickens out of him as I said, “hurry, I don’t think I’m going to make it.” As he left I thought “here I am busted up in a deep ditch over a thousand miles from home, no money.” It wasn’t very encouraging. After about a half hour I heard voices. It was midnight on Saturday and the town dance had broken up. These small towns out there don’t have much excitement. I think everyone (kids) and others came out. Anyways, they found me. I had thought my lungs were punctured as I could only take short breaths. They tried to figure out a way to get me up this embankment. One guy said we could get the undertaker’s basket. I said, “no, I’ll be in that soon enough.” Then they said, “let’s try to carry him.” About eight guys picked me up and by stumbling and falling they got me up and to the hotel. There they woke up the town doctor and he examined me. Then he took x-rays and put a rubber pipe up my penis and it came out blood which showed I had an injured kidney. He did the same the next day and blood came out again. On the third day, it came out urine which showed it was healing. I was on a liquid diet the first three days with no food. On the fourth day, they said I could go downstairs to eat. I was so dizzy I almost passed out on the big winding stairs. All I had was a small bowl of soup and a few crackers. I felt better the next day and the doctor put tape from my chest center down to my waist as I had two rib fractures in front and two broken ribs in back, plus a chipped pelvis. Maybe more but he didn’t say. On the second day, two well-dressed men visited me. I think one was a lawyer from the railroad. He asked me a lot of questions about the accident and I leveled with him, as I had nothing to hide. One thing he nonchalantly asked was how I knew what train to catch. I told him someone in the yards in Denver told me. I signed his paper and he left. The next day I was shocked. He had brought the entire train crew to my room. He lined them up across the room. They were in their train clothes, holding their hats looking scared to death. Then he asked me to point out the man that told me what train to catch. I looked at them and said it wasn’t any one of them. Boy, you couldn’t buy a job then in the 1935 depression. Funny thing is it was a yardman that told me. Also, that was not the train we left Denver on. About an hour later we had pulled onto a side switch and stopped. Soon another train was passing us going the same way fairly slow. I said, “Ick, that train is faster than this one so let’s cross over to it.” Sort of dangerous as there isn’t much space between them, but we did it. That was the train I fell from.</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"CCC Boy Injured in Fall from RR Bridge" & "Card of Thanks"<br />
Public Mirror, June 18, 1936 (Arapahoe, NE), used with permission<br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">On the sixth day, we thanked everyone for being so kind to us. The marshal gave me a notation of my injuries, which I never used. That was 67 years ago and I still have it. We traveled all day hitchhiking across Nebraska to Omaha. To cross the Missouri River it cost ten cents apiece, which was all the money we had. We tried to talk the toll man out of it, but the bum said no and took our last 20 cents. We crossed the river to Council Bluffs, Iowa. It was around midnight and started to rain. Where to go? I said, “let’s go to the city jail, where we can sleep till morning.” Back then people would often do that to get out of the bad weather. Now! Where was the jail? We came across a cop and he told us where it was. It wasn’t too far away and we finally got there. We checked in at the front desk, but I didn’t tell them of my injuries. They took us to a room that had three steel cots over each other with no blankets. Some guy was sleeping on the lower bunk, but I’ll bet not for long. Ick said, “you take the middle one.” I tried, but couldn’t do it. He helped me and I finally got in it. It turned out to be one of the most miserable nights in my life. It was just hard steel and every way I turned it hurt bad and I moaned and groaned. We left Council Bluffs and got to Iowa City. Passing a house at the edge of town, we saw a guy on his front porch. He said hi. We could hear the radio and it was Joe Louis fighting, against James Braddock I think. He said come onto the porch and listen if we wanted to. We did and I think he gave us something to eat, then said we could sleep on his front porch as it was getting late. We thanked him again and took off in the morning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PORlbg4i_V4/WsLxGsSicxI/AAAAAAAAD4Y/V80xSSpe7r4KWJhvqkIiZvkEtvx9UA0VQCLcBGAs/s1600/Hitchhiking%2B1938.%2BNapa%2BValley%252C%2BCalifornia.%2BFarm%2BSecurity%2BAdministration.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Climbing My Family Tree: Hitchhiking 1938. Napa Valley, California. Farm Security Administration" border="0" data-original-height="536" data-original-width="512" height="400" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PORlbg4i_V4/WsLxGsSicxI/AAAAAAAAD4Y/V80xSSpe7r4KWJhvqkIiZvkEtvx9UA0VQCLcBGAs/s400/Hitchhiking%2B1938.%2BNapa%2BValley%252C%2BCalifornia.%2BFarm%2BSecurity%2BAdministration.jpg" title="Hitchhiking 1938. Napa Valley, California. Farm Security Administration" width="381" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">In Davenport, Iowa we were walking down the street and a woman passed us going the other way. She stopped, turned around and asked, “are you hungry?” Ick said,“yes, we hadn’t ate for three days.” She took us to her place and we ate along with her husband and two kids. Those depression days were bad, but a lot of people had compassion.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">One thing that surprised me, we had split up, since it was easier for one person to get a ride rather than two. I had him get in front so he would get a ride first. We didn’t arrange a meeting, as one of us might get a long ride. Later on, I got a ride to the Mississippi River. It was a long bridge and only a few walking it. I looked up ahead and saw a guy with his jacket over his left shoulder and a funny lope as he walked. Ick. It had to be him and it was. We got to Fort Wayne and it was dark. He wanted to hitch, but I didn’t, so we split up again. I slept in a junkyard and the next day I caught a freight on the Nickleplate Railroad to Fostoria, Ohio, and then a train to Findlay right by my house. They were surprised to see me. Ick had called them when he left me in Fort Wayne and said I was in a hospital and might not make it. What a mix-up. Later I sort of wondered why no one bothered to reply. It was later on that I found out he had lied. His father was alive and well and working at the Cooper Tire Company. I later worked at the Cooper, too, and I knew him and liked him. Ick became a tinsmith and one time I stopped at his house next to Wright Field at Dayton, Ohio. He seemed quite successful as he had a nice house, some thoroughbred horses and about five or six businesses next door that he rented out. The family embarrassed me by saying I was some sort of legend. He died some years back.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2014/02/52-ancestors-7-don-b-snyder-1918-2012.html"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">52 Ancestors: #7 Don B. Snyder (1918-2012)</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2017/01/don-snyders-fall.html"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Don Snyder's Fall</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/a-treasure-to-share.html"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">A Treasure to Share</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/don-b-snyder-part-1-riding-rails-i.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 1 – Riding The Rails 1, Growing Up</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/don-b-snyder-part-2-athletic-show-in.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 2 – Athletic Shows</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/don-b-snyder-part-3-civilian.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 3 – Civilian Conservation Corps</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-5-joining-army.html" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder, Part 5: Joining the Army</span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-6-pygmies-of-new.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder, Part 6: The Pygmies of New Guinea</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-7-japs.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder, Part 7: The Japs</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-9-army-boxing.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 9: Army Boxing</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-this-is-part-10-of-13-part.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 10: Cooper Tire</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-11-barber.html" target="_blank"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Don B Snyder. Part 11: Barber</span></a></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-12-caving.html" target="_blank">Don B Snyder. Part 12: Caving </a> </span></span><br />
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-13-women.html" target="_blank">Don B Snyder. Part 13: Women</a></span></span></div>
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</div>Jo Hennhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17566276500934815959noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4967992205144808298.post-20307600679825150392018-03-31T00:29:00.000-04:002018-04-24T08:36:54.491-04:00Don B. Snyder. Part 3 - Civilian Conservation Corps <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
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<span style="background: white; color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">This is Part 3 of a 13-part blog series sharing my Grand-uncle Don’s life story, in his own words, via an autobiography sent to me by Don’s grandson, Ron Oldfield, after Ron stumbled across one of my prior posts about his grandfather. It is shared with the permission of both of Don’s children and Ron Oldfield. [Note – Anything in brackets with green type is my added explanation of something in Don’s text.]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Part 3 - CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[In this entry he speaks of three different CCC Camps he worked at: Camp Indian Springs in the Nevadan desert, Camp Tulelake at the then-newly-opened Lava Beds National Park in California, and Camp Prairie Creek at Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park near Orick, California. He intertwines talking about them quite a bit but I tried to make it clear which Camp he was talking about when I could.] <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption">Rudolph Wendelin CCC Art,<br />
<span style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.56px;"> Library and Archives, Forest History Society, Durham, NC, USA<br />Click to make bigger</span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">There are probably just a few people alive today that knew what the Civilian Conservation Corps was. Thousands of men couldn’t find jobs, so FDR<span style="color: #548235; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #548235; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;"> [President Franklin Delano Roosevelt]</span> came up with the PWA, Public Works Administration <span style="color: #548235; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #548235; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">[in 1933]</span>. The government sponsored it and the men got enough work to live on. It was a life saver. They worked fixing up parks, building roads, and in Findlay <span style="color: #548235; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #548235; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">[Ohio]</span> they straightened out the river that always overflowed. Now! If the men couldn’t find jobs, what about the older kids? He put thousands of them in camps all over the country. They worked in parks, built roads, etc. The main camp I went to was in Nevada about 40 miles west of Ely. There was a big barren valley about one hundred miles north and south, and about 30 miles east and west with mountains on both sides. The Lincoln Highway crossed it east and west. Our camp, Indian Springs, was seven miles off the highway, as that was the only place they could drill for water.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Map 1 of site of Camp Indian Springs CCC Camp in Nevada<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Map 2 of site of Camp Indian Springs CCC Camp in Nevada<br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> This was mostly desert-like. No trees, just sand, sagebrush, lizards, horned toads, etc. I don’t remember seeing coyotes, but I did come across a dead one in a trap. I did come across some rattlesnakes. A couple of guys went with me into some hills back of our camp. There you could look miles out with nothing but barren ground, alkali, and some sagebrush. Going back to camp we took a shortcut down a cliff. There were outcroppings of rock, so it wasn’t so bad. Some broken rocks were in a small crevice. I started to put my foot on a rock and I heard a buzzing kind of like a bee or rattle. Then I saw two rattlesnakes. I pulled a rock loose and hit both of them, killing them. As I reached down and threw them out I heard another rattler about a foot from my hand. It hadn’t been touched. I threw another rock and killed it too. I don’t know why it didn’t bite me. If it had, I’d have had a rough walk to camp. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Johnny Allen was a kid who lived down the street <span style="color: #548235; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #548235; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">[in Findlay, Ohio]</span>. He lived with his father, an alcoholic, and his mother, a nice lady, and three sisters. He wasn’t cocky, but easy going. A tough kid, I saw him fall off a railroad car on a rail and barely whimpered. Anyways, I’m sorry to say he grew up and really didn’t amount to much. He’d get off work on Saturday night, get real drunk and often spent the night in jail. During WWII he was drafted and was put in our battalion which was composed of a lot of local Findlay men inducted into the United States Army. Some months later I was transferred into the 38<sup>th</sup> Infantry Division from Indiana, where I was the platoon sergeant of an anti-tank platoon that was new in each battalion. I never heard of him till WWII was over. I had heard that he volunteered to be with the noted Merrill's Marauders in Burma. They had fought all the way to China. Some years passed by and I met him in Findlay, still in uniform, a master sergeant. I said, “what are you doing in uniform?” He replied that he had stayed in the service. I said,“were you in Korea?” He said yes. I said, “you aren’t going back, are you? You don’t have to.” He said yes, so I said, “Johnny, you might get killed this time.” He replied, “so.” Well, he went back and he got killed. I saw in the paper he was the highest serviceman in Findlay that they ever had. The Distinguished Service Cross, that’s next to the Congressional Medal of Honor, plus two Silver Stars, and several Bronze Stars, plus several Purple Hearts. Now that’s a real hero. He is buried in Findlay and each time I’m there, I stop and pay my respects.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">I wanted to relate to Johnny going into the 3-C’s. This was his second time as it was with me, but we didn’t want to wait a year as was required so we had to change our names. He kept his name and when we were waiting in line, I said “Johnny, I don’t know what name to use.” He said “Walter Leroy Snyder.” I did and made it. A major that had been in a previous camp recognized him and cheerfully said “hello Johnny,” then looked at the sheet and said, “this isn’t you.” Well, Walter Leroy Snyder went to the Lava Beds National Park <span style="color: #538135; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">[in California] </span>and Johnny had to stay home. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">My name change gave me some problems. Someone would say “hey Walt.” I wouldn’t reply and when they yelled it again I’d wake up and reply. Our first sergeant was a little older, bigger, and a nice quiet guy. One time at mail call he called out “Don Snyder” with a surprised look, and said, “we don’t have a Don Snyder here.” I reached up and said, “give me that,” and I pulled it out of his hand. He gave me a long questionable look but didn’t say anything. I figured he had an idea about me, but we were from all over, and from all walks of life. Sometimes things are better left unsaid. I read years later that one can change their last name, but shouldn’t change the first. That made a believer out of me. We had a number of men from the hills. Several couldn’t read or write, but when it came to playing dice they were really sharp on the odds of betting. All in all, it was really good on us teenagers. As to the CCC life, it was good. We worked hard, got three meals a day, WWI army clothes, and $5 a month for you, and $25 sent home which most people saved for us.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">We had guys from the cities, the farms, and a lot from Kentucky. You learned how to get along. I remember a guy from the city got caught trying to cheat at cards. They ran him upstairs between two beds and he pulled a knife out. I saw it, but don’t think there was any violence. One time at night some guys were in front of the barracks playing cards. They heard some moaning and went back to the stove and a guy 6’ 7” tall was moaning on the floor. His scalp was ripped open back a ways. No one knew what happened. Well, they took him to the infirmary and the doctor kept giving him a lot of shots kill the pain. Eventually, the truth came out. He and another kid, not big, were playing cards on the floor by the stove. The smaller guy accused him of cheating. He hit the kid and almost knocked him out. They were both from the hills. Maybe they settled things that way. The kid got up, grabbed a stove poker, and let him have it. I think there is a lesson to be had from that. They sent them both home. One time in Nevada, riding a truck to work, a guy (bigger) hit the smaller kid beside me. I said, “cut it out.” He turned at hit me on the shoulder. I hauled off and almost kicked him off his seat. I never saw him do anything to anybody after that. These guys are bullies. Stand up to them and they won’t fight. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Just a few things of no importance. Once, we had a short skinny guy named Pappy Dejernot. He would drink anything alcoholic, including vanilla and lemon extract. Once, I was looking out our barracks door and the door slammed open and he was standing in the door. He stepped down two steps, made a circle, banged up against the outside wall, fell down and passed out. Lemon extract. Another time a kid in the front end of the barracks had been drinking this cheap muscatel wine. He passed out in his bed and vomited all over himself. Guys were playing cards close by, couldn’t stand the smell, so a couple picked up his bed, blankets, and him. Took it out of the barracks and set it down in the rain. When it rains in the redwoods it pours and he never moved.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">I’m getting a little ahead of my story. In the Nevada desert there was little to do, so if you had a few bucks you would go to town. I’d go to a movie, have some ice cream, and gamble a few nickels in the nickel slot machines. They paid off a little. You could play a bit, course you would lose in the end. This was cattle and mining country and I’d see some ranchers with big stacks of money there. Later I’d go up to High street and talk to the friendly ladies. They each had a room with a door window. They were all alike. About the only thing in it was a bed and a chair. The rooms were all connected down the street. They would sit by the open window and try to coax you in. One older woman tried to pull a couple guys through. They wanted three bucks and no one would pay that. I guess in the evenings they were busy with the cowboys and miners. I wondered why these pretty girls would work there. Someone said it was because they went to Hollywood and didn’t make it. I don’t know if it’s true, but it’s possible.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">We would occasionally have a movie in the mess hall. Occasionally a few cowboys would come in, stand in the back and watch. These were not your drug store movie well-dressed cowboys. I’ve seen them each heading a herd of steers to lord knows where and bring them back in the evening. They were polite, didn’t talk and looked as they say, “one tough hombre.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A heavy mattock has a long handle ending in an ax blade opposite a chopping blade.<br />
<span style="font-size: 12.8px;">By Stemonitis (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) or GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)], via Wikimedia Commons<br />Click to make bigger</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Our camps were run by the army. A captain in charge and a first lieutenant executive officer, plus an army doctor second lieutenant. We had army barracks, army clothes, etc. Also had a first sergeant (not army). The man in charge of each platoon was called a leader. We worked for the Division of Grazing building roads. In building our road across the desert <span style="color: #548235; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #548235; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">[</span><span style="color: #38761d;">at Indian Spring Camp in Nevada],</span><span style="color: #548235; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #548235; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;"> </span>a survey crew would stake out the road with markers, then in ‘crews’ we peons would grub up the sagebrush with heavy mattocks; we would hit the sand just ahead of the sagebrush with a heavy mattock, then we would lift it up, snapping the root. Others would pile and burn it. Then trucks would bring in and drop gravel, and a grader would level it. The road headed south from Route 50, Lincoln Highway. No one knew where it went, but we were told it would go between two peaks you could see 90 miles away. Some years ago I saw a detailed map and saw a little red line going south and figured that might be it. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In the lava beds of California, we did the same. The Modoc Indians had lived there and there was a Modoc Indian war. I don’t know who won, but I assume we did. However, there is a monument for General or Colonel Canby, who was burned at the stake. <span style="color: #538135; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">[Gen. ED. R.S. Canby <i>was </i>assassinated during peace talks with the tribe (but was not burned at the stake). One of the principal military encampments of the Modoc War of 1872-73 became the center of Camp Tulelake, the base for the CCC crews who worked on the Lava Beds National Park.]<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-00_ppHJg2C8/Wr8JBkpogDI/AAAAAAAAD3U/yQnwy4qVwEoR5k69pEnMuZM1aXEJTTtCgCLcBGAs/s1600/CCC%2Bwork%2Bto%2Bcontrol%2Bthe%2BMalibu%2Bfire%2Bnear%2BAngeles%2BNational%2BForest%252C%2BCalifornia%252C%2Bin%2B1935%2B%2528US%2BForest%2BService%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Climbing My Family Tree: CCC work to control the Malibu fire near Angeles National Forest, California, in 1935 " border="0" data-original-height="678" data-original-width="480" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-00_ppHJg2C8/Wr8JBkpogDI/AAAAAAAAD3U/yQnwy4qVwEoR5k69pEnMuZM1aXEJTTtCgCLcBGAs/s400/CCC%2Bwork%2Bto%2Bcontrol%2Bthe%2BMalibu%2Bfire%2Bnear%2BAngeles%2BNational%2BForest%252C%2BCalifornia%252C%2Bin%2B1935%2B%2528US%2BForest%2BService%2529.jpg" title="CCC work to control the Malibu fire near Angeles National Forest, California, in 1935 " width="282" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">CCC work to control the Malibu fire near Angeles National Forest, California, in 1935 <br />(US Forest Service, in the public domain)<br />Click to make bigger</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Later we transferred to Camp Prairie Creek in the Redwoods of California on Highway 101. We were in the mountains just south of Crescent City. We went out fighting the fires as soon as we got there. I might add we mostly controlled the fires, but it took the fall rains to put the fires out. After that we split rails, posts, etc., to better the place. <span style="color: #548235; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #548235; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">[<a href="http://www.criticalpast.com/video/65675066953_Prairie-Creek-Redwood-States-Park_Civilian-Conservation-Corps_redwood-signs" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">HERE</a> is a 1-minute video of CCC clearing debris and making signs at Camp Prairie Redwoods State Park. ]<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The ocean was only about a mile away <span style="color: #548235; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #548235; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">[from Camp Prairie Creek] </span>and I liked to go there. The water was cold and few of us got in it. I had a very bad experience there. At lunch-time three of us went down to the water. Going back, one of us mentioned going up this steep grade. One didn’t go, but a guy from Ashtabula and I did. It got steeper and steeper. Then it was too late. We couldn’t see down. We would take hold of little rocks sticking out. Often they would crumble. Some didn’t, but if it did and you had weight on you would probably go crashing down. We were nearing the top, hoping we wouldn’t go crashing down on the big rocks below. An outcropping of rock separated us and I couldn’t see him. Well, real slow we made it. I saw his head coming out at the same time as me. His face was red and he was breathing heavy. I suppose I was, too. He looked at me, hesitated, and said, “I prayed.” I said, “me too.” Since then I’ve thought “what if the top curved out?” That probably would have been the end of us. Funny thing I’ve had several close calls besides that some years later. I liked it there but my time was up after six months and <span style="color: #538135; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">[I]</span> went home.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">After I got back<span style="color: #538135; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;"> [home to Findlay, Ohio]</span> I caddied at the country club. The river had a big bend with two holes that crossed it. That meant they had to cross the river four times. You couldn’t hardly get a job then so another friend and I swan the river at the country club for golf balls. The water got to eight feet deep in the middle. The club gave us two cents per ball we turned in. Lots of members had their names on them. We knew them and would give them the balls with their names. Then they would usually give us ten cents or 25 cents per ball. Then women usually had floaters. For that, we got a nickel each. Once, some women were crossing the river and one ball splashed in. I didn’t move. A guy there said, “Aren’t you going to get in?” I still didn’t move. Why? I knew she would hit two or three in the water and I’d get them all at once. The pay was not much but was better than caddying. Besides, the club wanted us to keep the other kids out, which we did. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">One day my brother-in-law came out and took me out to the Cooper Tire where he worked. The waiting room was usually full of men hoping someone might quit or get fired. In a depression like that you get desperate for a job. I was interviewed, first told no, then yes. In the two previous days, they had worked two men one day each and fired both of them. I worked like a dog and was surprised when the foremen told me to come back the next day. I did and stayed with them thirteen years including the five years I spent in the army. I later became secretary, chief steward, and president of the local union. I liked negotiating contracts, wages, etc. with the president of the company and his staff.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Other Related Posts (links):</span><span style="color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2014/02/52-ancestors-7-don-b-snyder-1918-2012.html"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">52 Ancestors: #7 Don B. Snyder (1918-2012)</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2017/01/don-snyders-fall.html"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Don Snyder's Fall</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/a-treasure-to-share.html"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">A Treasure to Share</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/don-b-snyder-part-1-riding-rails-i.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 1 – Riding The Rails 1, Growing Up</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/don-b-snyder-part-2-athletic-show-in.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 2 – Athletic Shows</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-riding-rails-2-coming-home.html" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 4: Riding the Rails 2; Coming home</span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-5-joining-army.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder, Part 5: Joining the Army</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-6-pygmies-of-new.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder, Part 6: The Pygmies of New Guinea</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-7-japs.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder, Part 7: The Japs</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-8-shot-in-leg.html" target="_blank"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Don B Snyder. Part 8: Shot in the Leg </span></a></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-9-army-boxing.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 9: Army Boxing</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-this-is-part-10-of-13-part.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 10: Cooper Tire</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-11-barber.html" target="_blank"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Don B Snyder. Part 11: Barber</span></a></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-12-caving.html" target="_blank">Don B Snyder. Part 12: Caving </a> </span></span><br />
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<div class="blogger-post-footer">© 2013 to present. Jo Allison Henn
If you would like to use anything featured on this post for non-commercial purposes, please credit and link back to this blog. If you wish to use any of the material on this site for other means, please seek the written permission of Jo Allison Henn (email address is on Contact Me page).
</div>Jo Hennhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17566276500934815959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4967992205144808298.post-21326478603206530742018-03-28T22:46:00.000-04:002018-04-24T08:37:21.428-04:00Don B Snyder: Part 2 – Athletic Show in the Great Depression<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
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<span style="background: white; color: #538135; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This is Part 2 of a 13-part blog series sharing my Grand-uncle Don’s life story, in his own words, via an autobiography sent to me by Don’s grandson, Ron Oldfield, after Ron stumbled across one of my prior posts about his grandfather. It is shared with the permission of both of Don’s children and Ron Oldfield. [Note – Anything in brackets with green type is my added explanation of something in Don’s text.]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Part 2 – Athletic Show<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> On the athletic show we traveled with a truck and a car. The Greek that owned the show had a wife and a young daughter that traveled with him. We had a tent with the ring inside. Our dressing room was a canvass in one corner. The Greek was 52 years old and he would wrestle anyone in the crowd. He was short and stocky, but he knew wrestling. He had once trained Joe Savoldy, a heavyweight world champion when wrestling was real. Next was ‘Speedy’ Martin, about six feet tall and about 180-190 pounds. The ‘boxers’ (I prefer the word ‘fighter’) were Paul Reese, about 145-150 pounds, and I, at 135 pounds. Paul would take on anyone. I’d take on anyone up to 150 pounds, with no scales. To familiarize it, we had the tent, ring, and ‘bally’ stand. This stand was in front of the tent on the midway. It was about three feet by 12 feet and stood about three feet high. When it was show time we would get on the bally stand. <span style="color: #38761d;">[The bally stand is a platform in front of a fair or carnival sideshow tent on which sample of the show may be performed in order to lure spectators inside.] </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> The Greek was a master showman. We would hit a brake drum with an iron bar that you could hear all over the midway and the people would all come to see what was happening. I remember a girlie (dancing) show across from us. They drew a lot of people but not as many as we did. One time there was not too many people around. He got on the bally stand in his tights. Seen about four or five girls coming. He raised his arm limp, shoulder high and looked at it, pretending he had muscle. They stopped, looked and laughed and said “you haven’t got any muscle.” He would look serious and pretend to show that he did. First thing you know people would stop to see what was going on. The more they stopped the bigger the crowd. Then we would get on the bally stand with him and challenge the crowd. Sometimes we couldn’t get anyone to come up. Then he would apply some heat, get them a little mad and finally someone would come up and we would start. It cost those who came in to see it 10 cents. They would have to stand and of course the ring was about three or four feet high. If nobody came up he would try some more heat. He might look at a young couple and say, “what’s the matter, are you afraid?” They might be, but in front of their girlfriends they would often come up. I think when the people saw they didn’t hurt bad, others would get on the bally stand. You had to remember not to apply too much heat, like saying they were yellow or farmers. These shows were at county fairs, homecomings, etc., so you had to be careful. I’ve heard more than once that the crowd got mad and tore the tent down. These smaller towns usually didn’t have any boxers or wrestlers, maybe one. They didn’t want to get shown up so often fighters would come around when people were not there. They would hint or come right out and say that they wanted to work. By that I mean take it easy, pull your punches and make it look good. If he would draw or maybe even maybe win, he’d be popular and later could tell his grandkids. It saved us a lot as we might have to fight two to six times a day. Sometimes in the dressing room I’d ask him, “Do you want to work or shoot?” If I thought he was a nice guy I’d explain it to him. If not a nice guy I’d say never mind and go in and fight. Once in Napolean, Ohio a kid seemed nice so I explained it to him. He said yes. I left openings and WHAM! I got a hard one. I thought it was a mistake, but he did it again so I let him have a few. I went to the dressing room and he was in there crying. I felt bad and said “you tried to take me.” He said “no.” I felt bad and said “let’s do it again and do it right.” He said “O.K.” and we did it twice more. He was happy and the people liked it. When I told him he tried to take me, he said “no.” I told him “don’t try to kid me buddy, I do this every day and I know.” Anyways, it came out all right.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Sometimes things happened that were really funny. One time we were at a town that had a good heavyweight wrestler. He came and ‘worked’ with Speedy Martin. His name was ‘Killer Briner’. Speedy thought that he was working too stiff (rough). The Killer would just laugh. One day the crowd had thinned down so the Greek, being the showman he was, said, “I’ll put both boxers along with Speedy against the Killer.” The crowd piled in. I heard Speedy tell Paul “now is the time we can get him.” I wanted no part of that, as I liked him. They started and Speedy got a half-Nelson on him with his head sticking out. Paul took aim, and WHAM hit him hard on the nose. I saw a little blood come out. He let out a roar like a wounded bull. Paul got out of the ring fast. I couldn’t as he had a hold of Speedy and his big legs around my neck and quivering. I couldn’t breathe. I think he saw that and felt I was not in on it and let me loose. I didn’t waste any time getting out of the ring. Then he worked Speedy over. Speedy got a good lesson and the crowd got their money’s worth.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> One other thing was funny. The Greek’s wife took in the money. Paul told me to watch her counting the money for the days take. He said occasionally she would raise her dress and shove some bills in her pocket and to let her notice I was watching and it would pay off. I did watch her and sure enough, she did that and saw me looking. I noticed a few extra dollars in my pay then.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> At that time some men worked for a dollar a day. Trouble was we had to eat out and that took most of our money. After fighting, we would take a bucket bath in our dressing room. Then we would gather in the front of the ring and shoot the breeze with each other or with fighters or wrestlers from the area. At the Bucyrus, Ohio, fair Speedy had kinfolk from nearby Galion, Ohio. They brought hogs to the fair. Usually, we would crawl under the ring, drag out our blankets and sleep in the ring that we had fought in that day. Believe you me, it was a pretty rough life. Especially as I was only seventeen. Back to Speedy. He wanted me to go the barn where his kinfolk had their hogs. I said O.K. and when it came to sleeping we laid on the top of a bunch of straw about 10 or 15 feet high. Did I say sleep? Hardly. Them darn hogs squealed and snorted all night. Then in the morning, I was embarrassed as the farmers came in early to see the hogs. And there we were in our underclothes and I thought “boy! Never again.” But how many people can say they slept with the hogs, yeah! And who would want to?</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> I hurt my leg hitting a sharp tent stake. With all the fighting it became badly infected and I left for home. It looked almost like gangrene had set in. Mom would put a tobacco poultice on it in the daytime as it was strong and would burn the flesh. At night she would put on a poultis (these were wet) of bread and milk. Well, that’s one old-fashioned remedy that done the trick and it healed good. <span style="color: #38761d;">[How to make a milk and bread poultice, <a href="https://www.homeherbals.com/bread--milk-poultice.html" target="_blank">HERE]</a> </span>I might add sometimes I’d step barefooted on a nail sticking up. This old remedy always did the trick.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/03/don-b-snyder-part-3-civilian.html" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 3 – Civilian Conservation Corps</span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-riding-rails-2-coming-home.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 4: Riding the Rails 2; Coming home</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-6-pygmies-of-new.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder, Part 6: The Pygmies of New Guinea</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-7-japs.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder, Part 7: The Japs</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-9-army-boxing.html"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 9: Army Boxing</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-this-is-part-10-of-13-part.html" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;">Don B Snyder. Part 10: Cooper Tire</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-12-caving.html" target="_blank">Don B Snyder. Part 12: Caving </a> </span></span><br />
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://jahcmft.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-b-snyder-part-13-women.html" target="_blank">Don B Snyder. Part 13: Women</a></span></span></div>
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<div class="blogger-post-footer">© 2013 to present. Jo Allison Henn
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